Unit 5 Flashcards
Antecedents ______ or ________ behavior
evoke or abate
You can see the effects of antecedents in the_______ You can see the effects of consequences through repeated measures _______
here and now;
over time
True or false?
Stimuli can be found within the skin
true
Which of the following is a social antecedent?
A) Your computer shuts off and you restart it
B) Your alarm goes off and you press snooze
C) A boy calls you ugly and you cry
D) Your favorite song comes on and you start dancing
C) A boy calls you ugly and you cry
Antecedents are:
A) Reinforcers and punishers
B) Discriminative stimuli and motivating operations
C) All of the above
B) Discriminative stimuli and motivating operations
Which of the following have evocative and abative effects on behavior?
Reinforcers and punishers
Respondent antecedents
Operant consequences
Operant antecedents
Operant antecedents
Which of the following is an example of an evocative effect?
A. I say, “sit!” and my dog immediately sits
B. I yell, “NO!” and my dog immediately stops chewing on my computer cord
C. I say, “good boy!” when he urinates outside and he urinates outside more frequently over the next few weeks
D. I give my dog a treat and he stops crying
A. I say, “sit!” and my dog immediately sits
Which of the following is an example of an abative effect?
A) You see the “Open” sign on the door and you walk in
B) You see the “Closed” sign on the door and you walk away
C) You see the “Closed” sign on the door and you stop walking toward the door
D) You see an “Open” sign on the door and yell out, “it’s open!”
C) You see the “Closed” sign on the door and you stop walking toward the door
Differential reinforcement results in stimuli, which previously had no effect, now being able to evoke or abate the response
This is a _______-altering effect
function
Differential reinforcement based on topography of response.
differentiation
Differential reinforcement of two different behaviors, one is reinforced and one is not is
differentiation
what to do
Differential reinforcement of 1 behavior, same behavior, under what conditions is it reinforced. When does the behavior pay off?
discrimination
when to do it
Differential reinforcement based on stimulus
discrimination
Function-altering effect results in stimulus having an ______ or ______ effect.
evoking or abating
An SD evokes behavior because
in the past behavior has been reinforced in its presence
Suppresses or abates behavior because in the past reinforcement has been unavailable (can be absence of SD)
S delta
___ evokes bx because of reinforcement
SD
abates bx because of lack of reinforcement
S delta
abates bx, signals punishment
SDP ex. red light
evokes bx, signals punishment is not available
S delta P
Lisa has two best friends, Beth and Eli. When Lisa gossips, Beth always gossips back, but Eli does not participate in gossip talk. Lisa now gossips only in the presence of Beth, but never in the presence of Eli. This is an example of:
Discrimination
When my phone displays at least one bar, I make a phone call. When my phone does not display any bars, I do not make a phone call. In the past, my call goes through in the presence of a bar, but not in the absence. This is an example of:
Discrimination
When I open a Heineken with a bottle opener, I can get the top off. When I try to twist the cap, I cannot get the top off. Now I only open with a bottle opener. This is an example of:
Differentiation
Differential reinforcement consists of
Reinforcement and extinction
evoke behavior because in the past that behavior has been reinforced in its presence
correlated with the availability of reinforcement.
“signals” that reinforcement is available for a specific behavior.
SD
“suppress” or abate behavior because in the past that behavior has been extinguished in its presence.
correlated with the unavailability of reinforcement.
May be specific stimulus or absence of SD
“signals” that reinforcement is NOT available for a specific behavior
S delta
“suppress” or abate behavior because in the past that behavior has been punished in its presence.
correlated with the availability of punishment.
“signals” that punishment is available for a specific behavior.
SDP
Evokes behavior because in the past, that behavior has not been punished in it’s presence.
Correlated with the lack of availability of punishment
May be specific stimulus or the absence of SDp
“signals” punishment is not available
S delta P
An S-delta can be a stimulus condition characterized by the absence of the SD
True or false?
True
When differential reinforcement leads to discrimination, the antecedent stimulus correlated with reinforcement becomes ______.
SD
An SD may evoke behavior due to a correlation with the availability of negative reinforcement in the past.
True or false?
True
Discriminative stimuli have ____ effect on behavior, while consequences have a _____ effect on discriminative stimuli
Behavior altering,
function altering
Evoke or abate behavior
Discriminative Stimuli
You pull on the door when it says, “Open,” but not when it says, “Closed.” This is likely because:
A) The “Open” sign is a conditioned reinforcer
B) The “Open” sign is more valuable
C) In the past when you pulled on a door that said, “open,” it opened, but when it said “closed,” it didn’t
D) All of the above
C) In the past when you pulled on a door that said, “open,” it opened, but when it said “closed,” it didn’t
SD, S∆, SDp, and S∆p are all types of:
Discriminative stimuli
Tom teases Carelle in class. Carelle turns around and says, if you don’t stop, I’m going to tell the teacher!” He immediately stops teasing her when she says this as in the past she has followed through on her threat and he got in trouble. Her warning functioned as:
SDp
Pearl is Jen’s cat. When Pearl was a kitten, she would beg for food when Jen was having dinner. Jen would never give her any food while Pearl begged. Jen’s mom, however, would always give her a piece of chicken when Pearl begged. Jen’s dad would kick Pearl every time she begged for food. Now Pearl only begs Jen’s mom for food during dinner. In relation to Pearl’s begging behavior, the sight of Jen during dinner functioned as:
S Delta
Pearl is Jen’s cat. When Pearl was a kitten, she would beg for food when Jen was having dinner. Jen would never give her any food while Pearl begged. Jen’s mom, however, would always give her a piece of chicken when Pearl begged. Jen’s dad would kick Pearl every time she begged for food. Now Pearl only begs Jen’s mom for food during dinner. In relation to Pearl’s begging behavior, the sight of Jen’s mom during dinner functioned as:
SD
Pearl is Jen’s cat. When Pearl was a kitten, she would beg for food when Jen was having dinner. Jen would never give her any food while Pearl begged. Jen’s mom, however, would always give her a piece of chicken when Pearl begged. Jen’s dad would kick Pearl every time she begged for food. Now Pearl only begs Jen’s mom for food during dinner. In relation to Pearl’s begging behavior, the sight of Jen’s dad during dinner functioned as:
Discriminative Stimulus for Punishment (SDP)
The walking man sign evokes crossing the street. The sign is:
S delta p
The tendency of behavior to occur more frequently in the presence of a particular stimulus (SD) because the behavior has been reinforced only or mostly in the presence of that stimulus
Discriminative Control (Stimulus Control)
A discrimination in which reinforcing a response is contingent (conditional) on another stimulus
Four-term contingency
conditional discrimination
Conditional Discrimination can never be a three term contingency.
True or false
True
Ms. Casey told her third grade class that she would give students stickers if they fold their hands quietly when she walks in. Those who did, got stickers. Now, when Ms. Casey walks into her class, her students immediately sit with “quiet hands.” The teacher:
A)Is a conditioned reinforcer
B)Elicits the behavior she wants
C)Became an establishing operation for positive reinforcement
D)Has discriminative control over the behavior
D)Has discriminative control over the behavior
Which of the following is an example of conditional discrimination?
A) Tommy will engage in sorting behavior when the token board is within sight, but not when it’s not
B) Tommy will engage in sorting behavior when the token board is out and the therapist is present, but not when either one is missing
C) Tommy will not engage in appropriate sorting behavior because it’s a skill deficit
B) Tommy will engage in sorting behavior when the token board is out and the therapist is present, but not when either one is missing
2 types of generalization
stimulus generalization and response generalization
Generalization where a particular behavior is evoked by different kinds of stimuli
same behavior, different stimuli
OPPOSITE of discrimination
stimulus generalization
Generalization where as a result of reinforcing one behavior, other related behaviors also increase
different responses (reinforce one, and another behavior increases as well)
OPPOSITE of differentiation
Response generalization
Beth taught her dog to play fetch using a knotted rag. Now when she throws a ball, bottle cap or stuffed animal and says “go get it”, he runs, picks it up and brings it back to her.
A. Stimulus Generalization
B. Response Generalization
A. Stimulus Generalization
opposite of discrimination
stimulus generalization
opposite of differentiation
response generalization
Sarah taught Joey how to greet staff appropriately in the group home. Then, when we take him out to the movies, he greets a stranger this way, even though we never worked on the skill out in the community.
A. Stimulus Generalization
B. Response Generalization
A. Stimulus Generalization
After months of teaching “how do you do?,” Joey starts to say “How are you?”, even though we never taught him to.
A. Stimulus Generalization
B. Response Generalization
B. Response Generalization
Every time Nicholas puts the dirty dishes in the dishwasher after dinner, Suzanna thanks him and gives him a big kiss. Soon, he starts wiping down the counters and sweeping the floor after dinner, too.
A. Stimulus Generalization
B. Response Generalization
B. Response Generalization
A rat was paired with a loud clanking noise for poor Little Albert but when you placed a rabbit or a stuffed animal in front of him, he began to cry too.
A. Stimulus Generalization
B. Response Generalization
A. Stimulus Generalization
