Unit 3 Flashcards
Who Discovered Respondent Conditioning
Was First to introduce quantitative measurement to psychology
First to systematically manipulate environmental events and see what effect it had on behavior
Pavlov
He became known for his behaviorist approach, which he later applied to human behavior
Showed that emotional reactions can be learned- Little Albert
Watson
Pavlov’s main contribution was to:
Discover respondent conditioning
Watson’s experiments showed:
That emotional reactions can be learned
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_behavior: Reflexes smooth muscles or glands mediated by the autonomic nervous system Conditioning involves pairing of stimuli \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ relations may be LEARNED
respondent
________ behavior:
At least partially under the control of consequences
Most _______ are under the control of both antecedents and consequences.
Operant
Operants
Means to strongly, consistently, and reliably evoke
Used ONLY for respondent
NEVER used for operant
elicit
______ means to call forth or bring about.
May be used for both, respondent and operant behavior
evoke
When you stroke a baby’s cheek, it will strongly, consistently, and reliably evoke turning its head. So, stroking the cheek will:
A)Elicit turning of the head
B)Abate turning of the head
C)Trigger turning of the head
D)Emit turning of the head
Elicit turning of the head
Elicit is used for:
respondents
Elicit means: A)To strongly, consistently, and reliably evoke B)The same as evoke C)To bring forth D)None of the above
A)To strongly, consistently, and reliably evoke
Respondent behavior is:
A)Under the exclusive control of consequences
B)Partially under the control of antecedents and consequences
C)Under the exclusive control of unconditioned stimuli
D) Under the exclusive control of antecedent stimuli
D) Under the exclusive control of antecedent stimuli
A leg that jerks when the patellar ligament is struck exemplifies:
A)Operant relation
B)Ontogenic relation
C)Respondent relation
D)Function-altering relation
C)Respondent relation
____ is A relation between a specific stimulus and an involuntary response.
A response is elicited by a stimulus.
______ are highly stereotypic.
May be learned or unlearned
Reflex
Because reflex responses have the same form every time they occur, they are said to be:
stereotypic
When the sunlight hits my eyes, my pupils shrink in size. Is the relation between the change in size of my pupils and the intensity of light a reflex?
yes
You are driving and someone hits you from behind. You get scared and yell. Is the relation between getting hit and yelling a reflex?
no
Is blinking a reflex?
no
A stimulus which has no effect on behavior.
neutral stimulus
innate, unlearned reflex
unconditioned reflex
reflex learned through history of pairing
conditioned reflex
these terms are only used in the. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ world: Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response
respondent
What is always needed to get a conditioned reflex?
an unconditioned reflex
Pairing leads to:
respondent conditioning
Select the conditioned response:
A)Tearing when an irritant is in your eye
B)Yelling “ouch!” when you stub your toe
C) Grabbing your toe when you stub your toe
D)Salivating when you see a picture of cheesecake
D)Salivating when you see a picture of cheesecake
Your arm itches and you scratch it. This is an example of: A)A conditioned reflex B)An unconditioned reflex C)A respondent D)Neither
D) neither
You see someone on TV eating rotten food and you gag. This is an example of:
A) An unconditioned reflex
B)A conditioned reflex
C)An unconditioned response
D)None of these answers are correct
B)A conditioned reflex
The sight of a cockroach elicits the activation syndrome. The sight of the cockroach is:
A)A discriminative stimulus
B)An unconditioned stimulus
C)A conditioned stimulus
D)A conditioned response
C)A conditioned stimulus
Which of the following is not an unconditioned response?
A)Getting goose bumps when it’s cold
B)Blinking when you hear a very loud and startling sound
C)Sneezing when pepper gets in your nose
D)Scratching a mosquito bite
D)Scratching a mosquito bite
An unconditioned stimulus elicits a(n):
unconditioned response
Which of the following is an unconditioned reflex?
X: Cynthia’s roommate yells, “Boo!” and Cynthia’s heart begins to race
Y: Cynthia’s roommate yells, “Boo!” and Cynthia pushes her
X only
A conditioned reflex response is elicited by:
A conditioned stimulus
Respondent Conditioning Procedures:
Short Delay Long Delay Trace Simultaneous Backward
.
Respondent conditioning procedures:
Most to least effective 1-5
Most effective to... short delay long delay trace simultaneous backward least effective:
True or false
The greater the number of pairings, the greater the strength of the conditioned reflex tends to be.
true
You have paired rotten food with the sound of a bell many times, but you still can’t get the bell to elicit gagging and function as a conditioned stimulus. What general rule does this most likely represent?
A)Not all neutral stimuli can become conditioned stimuli
B)You’ve done something wrong
C)Tones can never be used to function as conditioned elicitors
D)You didn’t provide proper reinforcement
A)Not all neutral stimuli can become conditioned stimuli
A reduction in the strength of a reflex response brought about by repeated exposure to a stimulus that elicits that response
Habituation
A temporary increase in some dimension or intensity of a reflex response due to repeated presentations of an eliciting stimulus
Most likely to be produced by an aversive antecedent stimulus
potentiation
_______ is a reduction in the frequency or magnitude of a response or a set of responses as a result of prolonged exposure to a stimulus or an environmental context.
adaptation
Results from repeated presentations of US or CS.
Transitory
habituation
Results from prolonged exposure to a stimulus or condition
Not transitory
adaptation
_________ is the tendency of a stimulus to elicit a reflex response following the elicitation of that response by a different stimulus.
sensitization
Beth is home relaxing during a thunder storm. The first thud of thunder elicited the startle response. The repeated thunder produced successively smaller startle reactions.
habituation
Emily moved into an apartment in the city, right by the train tracks. At first, the train would startle her every time it would pass by. Now, a month later, she doesn’t even notice it anymore. This is an example of:
adaptation
Jessica was washing dishes and suddenly a bowl dropped to the floor making a loud sound and eliciting the activation syndrome. As she was picking up the broken pieces, the phone rang. She jumped and her heart began racing.
sensitization
When Catania was an undergraduate, he was a subject in class demonstrations that involved electric shock. One involved holding his hand against an electrode as shocks were delivered. The first shock just tingled, but it felt stronger with each successive presentation, so it became progressively more difficult not to pull his hand away, even though the shock level remained constant.
potentiation
________ is the process through which a Conditioned Reflex is weakened by discontinuing to pair the CS with the US. Repeatedly presenting a CS without the US until the CS no longer elicits the conditioned response.
Respondent extinction
The basic process involved in respondent extinction is the unpairing of stimuli.
respondent extinction
The sudden reappearance of a previously extinguished CR as a function of the passage of time during which the CS is not presented and/or the organism is in a different environment.
Spontaneous Recovery
Unpairing leads to:
Respondent extinction
A guy behind me yells “Yankees” and then blasts an air horn. My heart jumps. Soon whenever he yells “Yankees” my heart jumps. His air horn gives out. He yells “Yankees” over and over. I stop jumping to the sound of his yelling “Yankees”. This demonstrates
Respondent extinction
So now I leave the Yankee game and go home. I am sitting on the couch and my bf is talking on the phone. His friend asks him what game he went to earlier. He yells “Yankee!” I jump. This is an example of:
Spontaneous recovery
In _______ conditioning a neutral stimulus is Paired with a Previously Conditioned Stimulus rather than with a US.
Higher-Order
In general, the Higher the order, the ________ the conditioning.
Weaker
Which of the following are behavior altering stimuli?
A)UE and CE
B) CC/CE, and CC/CC
A)UE and CE
Which of the following are function altering stimuli?
A)UE and CE
B) CC/CE, and CC/CC
B) CC/CE, and CC/CC
The meat powder paired with the bell leads to the bell eliciting salivation. In relation to the bell, the meat powder functions as a(n):
A) Unconditioned conditioner of a conditioned elicitor (UC/CE)
B) Conditioned conditioner of a conditioned elicitor (CC/CE)
C) Unconditioned conditioner of a conditioned conditioner (UC/CC)
D) Conditioned conditioner of a conditioned conditioner (CC/CC)
A) Unconditioned conditioner of a conditioned elicitor (UC/CE)
The sight of garlic knots was paired with the smell of pizza and, in the future, the sight of garlic knots made me vomit. In relation to the garlic knots the smell of pizza functioned as a(n):
A) UE B) CE C) UC/CE D) UC/CC E) CC/CE F) CC/CC
E) CC/CE
