Unit 1 Flashcards by Toni Stillpass

Q

Natural science

Studies functional relations between behavior and environmental events

Includes technological applications of our science

A

Behavior analysis

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Q

What is behavior?

A

Everything an organism does

The interaction of the muscles and glands of a live organism and the environment

Includes thinking and feeling

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Q

Is it behavior? tests:

A

“What am I doing?” and Dead Man’s test

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Q

Non-examples of behavior

A

If a dead man can do it, it’s not behavior (does not pass test)
Examples: NOT BEHAVIOR
Non compliance
Ignoring your brother
Not making eye contact
Static states
Laying on the floor

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Q

The interaction of the muscles and glands of a live organism and the environment

A

Behavior

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Q

Public behavior

A

Can be observed by others

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Q

Private behavior

A

Can only be observed by the behaver

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Q

Public or private behavior?

Perspiring

A

Public

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Q

Public or private behavior?

Looking at a book

A

Public

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Q

Public or private behavior?

Feeling nervous

A

Private

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Q

Public or private behavior?

Reading a book

A

Private

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Q

Public or private behavior?

Thinking about tomorrow

A

Private

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Q

Public or private behavior?

Blushing when you see a cute boy

A

Public

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Q

Public or private behavior?

Salivating when you see a commercial for cheese

A

Public

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Q

Specific instance of behavior

A

Response

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Q

“Behavior” refers to _____ while “response” refers to _______

A

More than one response

a single instance of behavior

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Q

A characteristic of a phenomenon

A feature of behavior

A

Fundamental property

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Q

A quantifiable aspect of a property.

How you measure

A

Dimensional quantity

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Q

Dimensional quantity or fundamental property?

Temporal Locus

A

Fundamental property

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Q

Dimensional quantity or fundamental property?

Latency

A

Dimensional quantity

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Q

Dimensional quantity or fundamental property?

Temporal extent

A

Fundamental property

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Q

Dimensional quantity or fundamental property?

Repeatability

A

Fundamental property

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Q

Dimensional quantity or fundamental property?

Repeatability and temporal locus

A

Fundamental property

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Q

Dimensional quantity or fundamental property?

Duration

A

Dimensional quantity

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Dimensional quantity or fundamental property? | Countability (frequency)

Dimensional quantity

Dimensional quantity or fundamental property? | IRT, Rate, Celeration

Dimensional quantity

A response occurs in time

Temporal locus

Amount of time between stimulus and response

Latency

A response occupies time

Temporal extent

Amount of time between beginning and end of response cycle

Duration

A response can reoccur

Repeatability

Number of responses

countability (rate)

Time between two successive responses

IRT

Count/time

Rate

Change in rate over time

Celeration

Rate and IRT are inversely proportionate, i.e. as one increases, the other ________.

decreases Example: I observe a child for one hour every day. He engages in face slapping 3 times on the first day, 4 times on the second day, and 10 times on the third day. (rate: 3x/hr, 4x/hr,10x/hr) The average IRT for these days is: 20 min, 15 min, 6 min.

A response occurs at a certain point in time in relation to a preceding environmental event, thus one of the fundamental properties of a single response is

temporal locus

The fundamental property that refers to the fact that a response can reoccur

Repeatability

The dimensional quantity associated with repeatability

frequency

It takes you 20 minutes to wash the dishes but it only takes you 5 minutes to put them in the dishwasher. This is an example of

duration

People are complaining that you take too long to reply to emails. You take some data on the amount of time between receiving an email and replying.

latency

Your personal trainer recommended you do 300 sit ups every time you go to the gym. You begin counting and can only do 50. You’re measuring…

frequency

You keep your phone on silent at work but you are constantly checking to see if you have a new text message. Your coworker informs you that you check your phone 2x per min.

Rate

You’ve been in the class for 3 weeks. The 1st week you typed 50 words per min, the 2nd week you increased to 75 words per min, and this week you are typing 100 words per min.

celeration

What a response looks like, | form

topography

a group of two or more responses which share common form

topographic response class

the effects or results of a response

``` function function=effect ```

A group of two or more topographically different responses that all have the same effect on the environment, usually producing a specific class of reinforcers

functional response class

You blow dry your hair and get straight hair. You go to the hair salon and get straight hair. You put on a wig and get straight hair. A) Topographic Response Class B) Functional Response Class

Functional Response Class

You say “water,” someone brings you water. You see water on the floor, you say “water.” You see “water” written in a book, you say “water.” A) Topographic Response Class B) Functional Response Class

Topographic response class

Anything that can be detected by the senses Sounds, smells, sights… Not behavior!

Stimulus

“an energy change that affects an organism through it’s senses”

Stimulus

A group of stimuli that share a certain characteristic (formal, temporal, functional) Have similar effects on behavior

stimulus class

``` A sound of thunder startles you. The fire alarm goes off and you get startled. A plate in your kitchen falls and shatters. You get startled. The sound of thunder, fire alarm, and shattering plate are A) A Stimulus Class B) Not a Stimulus Class C) Functional Response Class D) Topographical Response Class ```

A) A Stimulus Class

``` You are cold and put on a sweater. You see a spider and say “eeewww.” You see purple sunglasses at the store and buy them. The sweater, the spider, and the sunglasses are… A) Stimulus Class B) Not a Stimulus Class C) Functional Response Class D) Topographical Response Class ```

B) Not a Stimulus Class

A stimulus which occurs before a response

Antecedent

True or false? | One’s behavior cannot be an antecedent for one’s behavior

True

A stimulus which occurs after a response

consequence

True or false? | One’s behavior cannot be a consequence for one’s behavior

True

Johnny rocks back and forth before he begins to it his head. Rocking back and forth is… A) Antecedent B) Consequence C) Neither

C) Neither

``` Megan flipped the switch and the lights turned on. The light is… A) Antecedent B) Consequence C) Neither D) Behavior ```

B) Consequence

When changes in an antecedent or consequent stimulus class consistently alter a dimension of a response class, a ______ relation is said to exist.

functional

We determine functional relations through _________ manipulations.

systematic

Functional relations: Changes in one variable (the independent variable or IV) result in changes in a _____ variable (the______ variable or DV).

second; dependent

Critical Attributes of Behavior

``` Behavior is a biological phenomenon. Involves movement (actions) Can only be done by a living organism Observable Measurable Involves interaction with the environment ```

Critical Attributes of Functional Relations

1. Orderly relations exist between two classes of events. In behavior analysis, stimulus classes and response classes. 2. Changes in one variable (the independent variable or IV) result in changes in a second variable (the dependent variable or DV). In behavior analysis, environmental events are the IVs (as manipulated) and behavioral dimensions (as measured) are the DVs. 3. The value of the behavioral dimensions (DV) changes in an orderly fashion. 4. Functional relations must be demonstrated through systematic manipulations. 5. Non-linear mathematical relation 6. Probabilistic

The ________ is the total constellation of stimuli and conditions which can affect behavior.

environment

The ______ context consists of the situation (set of circumstances) in which behavior occurs at any given time. ex. this room, the bar, the party and the people

environmental

refers to the beginning, middle, and end of a response.

A response cycle

“A _____ is a fundamental quality of a natural phenomenon.” For example, an object moving in space has the _______ of motion.

property