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Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Tradgety of the Commons

A

The tendency of a shared limited resource to become depleted if it is not regulated in some way

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2
Q

What are examples of commons?

A

Global fisheries, public land, atmosphere, oceans

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3
Q

Externalities

A

Costs which result from but are not directly included in, the purchase price of a good or service

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4
Q

Rangelands

A

Are dry, open grasslands primarily used for grazing cattle, and the most common use of land in the U.S.

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5
Q

Forests

A

Land areas dominated by trees and other woody vegetation, and can be used for commercial logging

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6
Q

Clear cutting

A

Involves removing all or almost all trees in the area (beneficial for economy but not environment)

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7
Q

Selective Cutting

A

Removes single trees or a relatively small percentage of tree at the time

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8
Q

Tree planatations

A

Areas that are planted with a single fast growing species for the purpose of logging

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9
Q

Endangered Species Act

A

Protects plants and animals

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10
Q

Subsistence farming

A

Farming for feeding primarily family

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11
Q

Green Revolution

A

The 3rd agriculture revolution that occurred in the 1920’s

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12
Q

Agribusiness

A

Modern from for growing food, using mechanization and standardization if food production

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13
Q

What were invocations of the Green revolution

A

Mechanization, fertilizers, irrigation, pesticides and monocropping

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14
Q

Economies of scale

A

Where average costs decrease and output increases

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15
Q

Organic Fertilizers

A

Composed of organic matter from plants to animals

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16
Q

Synthetic fertilizers

A

Produced commercially with the use of fossil fuels

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17
Q

Pesticides

A

Are often needed to remove pests from crops snuff classified differently

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18
Q

Insecticides

A

Those that affect insects and invertebrates that eat crops

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19
Q

Aerbicides

A

Those that target weed plants that compete with crops for nutrients

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20
Q

Broad spectrum pesticides

A

Those that kill many species quickly

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21
Q

Selective Pestiocides

A

Most that target a narrow range of organisms

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22
Q

Artifical Selection

A

Choosing which animal and plants should reproduce rather than allowing reproduction to occur naturally

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23
Q

Plowing

A

Regular disturbance of soils that occurs in order to turn soil over

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24
Q

Tilling

A

Bring nutrient from horizon and removing weeds (includes other activities such as stirring digging and cultivation)

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25
Slash and burn agriculture
Clear the land by burning existing vegetation to release Utrecht’s into the soil
26
Shifting agriculture
Moving on to another area because of the nutrient depleted soil
27
Aquifier
Groundwater is stored in pore spaces with permeable layers of rock and sediment similar to a sponge
28
Unconfined Aquifier
Aquifiers that are surrounded by impermeable rock or clay
29
Ground water Recharge
Water from precipitation percolates through soil, it assesses into the groundwater
30
Springs
Water can percolate up to the ground surface
31
Artesian Well
Confined Aquifiers can be drilled into to gather water
32
Water footprint
The total daily Capita use of fresh water for a country or thr world
33
Fungicide
Meant to target fungi
34
Rodencide
Specially meant to target rodents
35
Persistent Pesticides
Pesticides that remain in the environment for years to decades
36
No persistent Pesticides
Pesticides that are meant to break down rapid;y but may have to be applied more often
37
Pesticides resistance
A trait a certain individual can develop when they are exposed to a pesticide to often
38
Concerntrated Animal feeding operations
Large indoor and outdoor structures to create maximum occupancy of animals for maximum output of meat
39
Free range grazing
Allowing the animals to graze outdoors on grass for most of their lifecycle
40
Nomadic grazing
The feeding of herds of animals by moving them to seasonally productive feeding grounds often over long distances
41
Overgrazing
Another result of slowing cattle to graze in one area for too long
42
Bycatch
Effect of attempting to catechism as many fish as possible leads to unintentional catch of non tavern species
43
Fishery Collaspe
Overharvesting where 90& or more of population declines
44
Crustal abundance
The average concentration of elements in the Earth’s crust
45
Ores
Concentrated accumulations of minerals that are considered economically viable
46
Metals
Elements with properties that allow them to conduct electricity and heat energy
47
Strip Mining
Removing strips of surface rock
48
Open - Pit Mining
Creating a large hole in the ground to reach the desired resource
49
Mountaintop removal
Removing the top of a mountain with explosives to reach resources below
50
Placer mining
Looks for minerals, metals, and stones in river sediments
51
Mine tailings
Mini gear remix the resources wanted using these methods but return unwanted waste materials back to the source.
52
Subsurface Mining
Mining more than 100 m below the surface of the earth
53
Urbanization
The process of an area becoming more urban or increasing density of people per unit area of land
54
Urban Areas
Areas that contain more than 386 people per square kilometers
55
Suburbs
Recently urban areas that have become denser in population leading to increasing of numbers (areas that surround metropoltican centers with lower population then cities)
56
Exurbs
Similar to suburbs but are not ddirectly connected to a central city or densely populated areas
57
Urban Sprawl
The movement of urbanized areas into rural areas due to many different factors
58
Urban blight
Decay and deterioration of an urban areas due to neglect or age
59
Sense of place
The feeling that an area hasmeaningful character
60
Saltwater intrusion
Reduced groundwater levels near shorelines have led to an intrusion of salt water in n area where freshwater was previously found due to cone of depression
61
Impervious surfaces
Pavement to other surfaces that do not allow water penetratuon, can also lead to reduction of infiltration of precipitation and more flooding due to runoff
62
Urban runoff
Occurs when water from an urban area doesn’t evapotranspire or infiltrate the soil

APES (12 decks)

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