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APES > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Tradgety of the Commons

A

The tendency of a shared limited resource to become depleted if it is not regulated in some way

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2
Q

What are examples of commons?

A

Global fisheries, public land, atmosphere, oceans

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3
Q

Externalities

A

Costs which result from but are not directly included in, the purchase price of a good or service

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4
Q

Rangelands

A

Are dry, open grasslands primarily used for grazing cattle, and the most common use of land in the U.S.

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5
Q

Forests

A

Land areas dominated by trees and other woody vegetation, and can be used for commercial logging

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6
Q

Clear cutting

A

Involves removing all or almost all trees in the area (beneficial for economy but not environment)

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7
Q

Selective Cutting

A

Removes single trees or a relatively small percentage of tree at the time

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8
Q

Tree planatations

A

Areas that are planted with a single fast growing species for the purpose of logging

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9
Q

Endangered Species Act

A

Protects plants and animals

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10
Q

Subsistence farming

A

Farming for feeding primarily family

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11
Q

Green Revolution

A

The 3rd agriculture revolution that occurred in the 1920’s

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12
Q

Agribusiness

A

Modern from for growing food, using mechanization and standardization if food production

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13
Q

What were invocations of the Green revolution

A

Mechanization, fertilizers, irrigation, pesticides and monocropping

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14
Q

Economies of scale

A

Where average costs decrease and output increases

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15
Q

Organic Fertilizers

A

Composed of organic matter from plants to animals

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16
Q

Synthetic fertilizers

A

Produced commercially with the use of fossil fuels

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17
Q

Pesticides

A

Are often needed to remove pests from crops snuff classified differently

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18
Q

Insecticides

A

Those that affect insects and invertebrates that eat crops

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19
Q

Aerbicides

A

Those that target weed plants that compete with crops for nutrients

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20
Q

Broad spectrum pesticides

A

Those that kill many species quickly

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21
Q

Selective Pestiocides

A

Most that target a narrow range of organisms

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22
Q

Artifical Selection

A

Choosing which animal and plants should reproduce rather than allowing reproduction to occur naturally

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23
Q

Plowing

A

Regular disturbance of soils that occurs in order to turn soil over

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24
Q

Tilling

A

Bring nutrient from horizon and removing weeds (includes other activities such as stirring digging and cultivation)

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25
Q

Slash and burn agriculture

A

Clear the land by burning existing vegetation to release Utrecht’s into the soil

26
Q

Shifting agriculture

A

Moving on to another area because of the nutrient depleted soil

27
Q

Aquifier

A

Groundwater is stored in pore spaces with permeable layers of rock and sediment similar to a sponge

28
Q

Unconfined Aquifier

A

Aquifiers that are surrounded by impermeable rock or clay

29
Q

Ground water Recharge

A

Water from precipitation percolates through soil, it assesses into the groundwater

30
Q

Springs

A

Water can percolate up to the ground surface

31
Q

Artesian Well

A

Confined Aquifiers can be drilled into to gather water

32
Q

Water footprint

A

The total daily Capita use of fresh water for a country or thr world

33
Q

Fungicide

A

Meant to target fungi

34
Q

Rodencide

A

Specially meant to target rodents

35
Q

Persistent Pesticides

A

Pesticides that remain in the environment for years to decades

36
Q

No persistent Pesticides

A

Pesticides that are meant to break down rapid;y but may have to be applied more often

37
Q

Pesticides resistance

A

A trait a certain individual can develop when they are exposed to a pesticide to often

38
Q

Concerntrated Animal feeding operations

A

Large indoor and outdoor structures to create maximum occupancy of animals for maximum output of meat

39
Q

Free range grazing

A

Allowing the animals to graze outdoors on grass for most of their lifecycle

40
Q

Nomadic grazing

A

The feeding of herds of animals by moving them to seasonally productive feeding grounds often over long distances

41
Q

Overgrazing

A

Another result of slowing cattle to graze in one area for too long

42
Q

Bycatch

A

Effect of attempting to catechism as many fish as possible leads to unintentional catch of non tavern species

43
Q

Fishery Collaspe

A

Overharvesting where 90& or more of population declines

44
Q

Crustal abundance

A

The average concentration of elements in the Earth’s crust

45
Q

Ores

A

Concentrated accumulations of minerals that are considered economically viable

46
Q

Metals

A

Elements with properties that allow them to conduct electricity and heat energy

47
Q

Strip Mining

A

Removing strips of surface rock

48
Q

Open - Pit Mining

A

Creating a large hole in the ground to reach the desired resource

49
Q

Mountaintop removal

A

Removing the top of a mountain with explosives to reach resources below

50
Q

Placer mining

A

Looks for minerals, metals, and stones in river sediments

51
Q

Mine tailings

A

Mini gear remix the resources wanted using these methods but return unwanted waste materials back to the source.

52
Q

Subsurface Mining

A

Mining more than 100 m below the surface of the earth

53
Q

Urbanization

A

The process of an area becoming more urban or increasing density of people per unit area of land

54
Q

Urban Areas

A

Areas that contain more than 386 people per square kilometers

55
Q

Suburbs

A

Recently urban areas that have become denser in population leading to increasing of numbers (areas that surround metropoltican centers with lower population then cities)

56
Q

Exurbs

A

Similar to suburbs but are not ddirectly connected to a central city or densely populated areas

57
Q

Urban Sprawl

A

The movement of urbanized areas into rural areas due to many different factors

58
Q

Urban blight

A

Decay and deterioration of an urban areas due to neglect or age

59
Q

Sense of place

A

The feeling that an area hasmeaningful character

60
Q

Saltwater intrusion

A

Reduced groundwater levels near shorelines have led to an intrusion of salt water in n area where freshwater was previously found due to cone of depression

61
Q

Impervious surfaces

A

Pavement to other surfaces that do not allow water penetratuon, can also lead to reduction of infiltration of precipitation and more flooding due to runoff

62
Q

Urban runoff

A

Occurs when water from an urban area doesn’t evapotranspire or infiltrate the soil

APES (10 decks)

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