Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

APES > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Core

A

The innermost zone of the Earth;s interior, composed mostly of iron and nickel. It includes a liquid outer layer and a solid inner layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mantle

A

The layer above the core, consisting of magma, the asthenosphere, and the solid upper mantle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Magma

A

Molten rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Plate Tectonics

A

The theory that the lithosphere of the earth is divided into plates, most of which are in constant motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Earthquake

A

A sudden movement of earths crust caused by a release of potential energy from the movement of tectonic plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hot spots

A

In geology, a place where molten material from earth’s mantle reaches the lithosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Volcano

A

A vent in the surface of the earth that emits ash, gases, and molten lava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tsunami

A

A series of wave in the ocean caused by seismic activity or an undersea volcano that causes massive water displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Divergent boundary

A

An area below the ocean where tectonic plates MOVE AWAY from each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sea floor spreading

A

Caused by divergent boundary, in which rising magma forms new oceanic crust on seafloor at boundaries between those plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Convergent Boundary

A

An area where one plate MOVES TOWARD another plate and collides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Subduction

A

When one heavier plate (ocean) sinks below another lighter plate (continental) and melts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Island Arc

A

A chain of islands formed by volcanoes as a result of two tectonic plates coming together and expiring subduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Island Arc

A

A chain of islands formed by volcanoes ad a result of two tectonic plates coming together and expiring subduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Collision Zone

A

An area where two continental plates ate pushed together and the colliding forces push up the crust to form a mountain range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Collision Zone

A

An area where two continental plates ate pushed together and the colliding forces push up the crust to form a mountain range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Transform Boundary

A

An area where tectonic plates move sideways against each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fault

A

A fractured in rock caused by a movement of Earth;s crust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Igneous Rock

A

Rock formed directly by magma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Process of Igneous Rock

A

Old rock - melt - magma - cool - ingneous rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sedimentary Rock

A

Rocks that form when sediment such as muds, sands, and gravel are compressed by overlying sediments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Process of sedimentary rock

A

Old rock - weathering - sediment - lithification - sedimentary rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Metamorphic Rock

A

Rock that form when sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic rock is subjected to high pressures and tempurtures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Process of metamorphic rock

A

Old rock - heat/pressure-metaphoric (no melting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Rock Cycle

A

The geological cycle governing the constant formation, alteration, and destruction of rock material that results from tectonics, weathering, erosion, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Physical Weathering

A

The mechanical breakdown of rocks caused by wind, water, tempurtures, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Chemical Weathering

A

The breakdown of rock and minerals by chemical reactions, the dissolving of chemical elements from rocks or both process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Acid Percipitation

A

When rain or snow contain sulfur or nitric acid (acid rain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Erosion

A

The physical removal of rock fragments from a landscape or ecosystem

30
Q

Horizon

A

A horizontal layer in a soil defined by distance physical features such as color and texture

31
Q

O horizon

A

The organic horizon at the surface of many soils, composed of organic detritus in decomposition stages

32
Q

Humus

A

The most fully decomposed organic matter in the lowest section of the o horizon

33
Q

A horizon

A

Top layer of soil, a zone of organic materials and minerals are mixed (topsoil)

34
Q

E horizon

A

A zone of leaching, or elucidation, found in some acidic soils under o and a horizon

35
Q

B horizon

A

A soil horizon in composed primarily at mineral material with ilittle organic matter (subsoil)

36
Q

C horizon

A

The least weathered soil, beneath b horizon and similar to parent material

37
Q

Porosity

A

The size of air spaces between particles

38
Q

Water holding Capicty

A

The amount of water a soil can hold against the drainage of gravity

39
Q

Permability

A

The ability of water to move through soil

40
Q

Cation exchange capicty (CEC)

A

The ability of a particular particlar soil to absorb and release cations

41
Q

Base Saturation

A

The proportion of soil bases to soil acids, expressed as a percent

42
Q

Watershed

A

An area of land that drains into a particular body of water

43
Q

Examples of human impacts on watersheds

A

Dams, mining for minerals, increases imperative surfaces

44
Q

Insulation

A

Incoming solar radiation which is the main source of energy on earth

45
Q

Albedo

A

The percentage of incoming sunlight reflected from a service

46
Q

Solstice

A

When th earth is either pointed toward or away the sun

47
Q

Equinox

A

Equal/halfway

48
Q

What’s are the 5 layers of the earth?

A
  • Troposhere
  • Stratosphere
  • Mesosphere
  • Thermosphere
  • Exosphere
49
Q

Troposphere

A

Layer of atmosphere closest to the surface of the earth

50
Q

Stratosphere

A

Layer above the troposphere

51
Q

Ozone

A

A pale blue gas composed of molecules made up of three oxygen atoms (O3)

52
Q

Mesophsere

A

Layer of atmosphere above strasphere

53
Q

Thermoshere

A

Layer that is important to organisms on earth surface b/c block harmful UV rays

54
Q

Exosphere

A

Highest layer in which satellites orbit the planets

55
Q

Saturation Point

A

The maximum amount of water vapor in the air given the temp

56
Q

Adiabatic cooling

A

The cooling affect of reduced pressure on air as it roses higher in atmosphere and expands

57
Q

Adiabatic heating

A

The heating affect of increased pressure on air as it sinks towards the surface of the earth and loses volume

58
Q

Latent heat release

A

The release of energy when water vapor in the atmosphere condenses into water

59
Q

Atmospheric convection current

A

Global patterns of air movement initiated by unequal heating of the earth

60
Q

Hadley cells

A

A convention current in the atmosphere that cycles between the equator 30N and 30S

61
Q

Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)

A

The latitude which receives the most intense sunlight, which causes the ascending branches of two Hadley cells to converge

62
Q

Polar cells

A

A convection current in atmosphere formed by air that rises 60N and 60S and sinks at poles 90N and 90S

63
Q

Ferrel Cells

A

A convection current in the atmosphere that lies between Hadley cells and polar cells

64
Q

Coriolis effect

A

The deflection of an objects path due to the rotation of the earth

65
Q

Gyre

A

A large scale pattern of water circulation that moves clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere

66
Q

Upwelling

A

The upward movement of ocean water towards the surface of as a result of diverging currents (cold and nutritious water)

67
Q

Thermoaline Circulation

A

An oceanic circulation pattern that drives the mixing of surface water and deep water

68
Q

Rain Shadow

A

A region with dry conditions found on the leeward side of them the mountain range as a result of humid winds from the ocean causing precipitation on the windward side

69
Q

El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

A

A reversal of wind and water currents in the South Pacific

70
Q

La Niña

A

Following an El Niño event, trade winds on the South Pacific reverse strongly, causing regions that were hot and dry to become cooler and wetter.

APES (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions