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APES > Unit 1 (Modules 1-3) > Flashcards

Unit 1 (Modules 1-3) Flashcards

1
Q

Biosphere

A

All living portions of the earth

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2
Q

Biosphere

A

All living portions of the earth

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3
Q

Community ecology

A

The study of interactions among species

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4
Q

Symbiosis

A

Two species living in a close and longterm association with one another in an ecosystem

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5
Q

Biotic

A

Living Factors

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6
Q

Abiotic

A

Non - Living Factors

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7
Q

What do competing species respond to?

A

Limited resources -> Competion (This is between two different organisms)

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8
Q

Competition

A

The struggle of individuals, either within or between species, to obtain a shared limited resource

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9
Q

Competitive Exclusions Prinicipal

A

The prinicipal stating that 2 species competing for the same limiting resource cannot co-exist

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10
Q

What do plant species influence

A

The distribution and abundance of other plant species

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11
Q

Resource Partitioning

A

Organisms living in the same place that has different habitats (Morphology)
- The ones with adaption and variation are the ones that survive

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12
Q

Predatation

A

Occurs when one animal kills and consumes another animal, in order to consume their energy
- Crucial role in their ecosystem by regulating prey population

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13
Q

Parasitism

A

An interaction where one organism lives on another organism, consuming a small fraction of the host in order to keep it alive (Winner + Loser)

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14
Q

Pathogen

A

A parasite that can cause disease in its host

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15
Q

Herbivory

A

An interaction in which an animal consumes plants and algae

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16
Q

Mutualism

A

An interaction between two species that increase the chances of survival or reproduction for both species. Both benefit from the interaction
(Mutual)

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17
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Process of using solar energy to convert water (H20) and carbon dioxide (CO2) into glucose (C6H1206)

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18
Q

What is the element name for water

A

H20

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19
Q

What is the element name for carbon

A

C02

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20
Q

What is the element name for glucose

A

C6H12O6

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21
Q

Commensialism

A

An interaction between two species in which one species benefit and the other species is neither harmed nor helped.

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22
Q

Native species

A

A species that lives in its historical range, typically where it has lived for thousands or millions of years

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23
Q

Exotic Species

A

A species living outside its historical range
(Alien Species)

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24
Q

Biome

A

A regional of the world where particular plants and animals can be found

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25
Q

Terrestrial Biome

A

A geographic region of land categorized by a particular combination of average annual temperature, annual precipitation, and distinctive plant growth forms

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26
Q

Habitat

A

An area where a particular species lives in nature, not charecterized by plants
(Impact on distribution of natural resources)

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27
Q

How many terrestrial biomes are there?

A

9

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28
Q

Tundra

A

A cold treeless biome with low growing vegetation

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29
Q

What are some features of a tundra?

A
  • Coldest of all biomes
  • Very Dry
  • Most North
  • No trees prevent deep rooted plants from
    HUMAN THREAT: Melting Permafrost
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30
Q

Permafrost

A

A frozen layer of soil that prevents drainage

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31
Q

Taiga

A

A forest biome made up of primarily of confrerous evergreen trees that can tolerate cold winters and short growing seasons (Borreal Forest)

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32
Q

What are some features of Tagia biome?

A
  • Northeastern or high latitudes
  • HUMAN THREAT: Etensivley logged, mining, extraction of oil and grass
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33
Q

Temperate Rainforest

A

A coastal biome typified by moderate temperatures and high precipitation

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34
Q

What are features of a Temperate Rainforest

A

-Northwest and Southwest
- 12 month growing season
- Large Trees
HUMAN THREAT: Deforestation

35
Q

What are features of a Temperate Rainforest

A

-Northwest and Southwest
- 12 month growing season
- Large Trees
HUMAN THREAT: Deforestation

36
Q

Temperate Seasonal Rainforest

A

A biome with warm summers and cold winters, with over 1m of annual precipitation

37
Q

Temperate Seasonal Rainforest

A

A biome with warm summers and cold winters

38
Q

What are some features of Temeprate Seasonal Rainforest

A
  • mild climates
  • AKA Temp - Dedideous Forest
  • HUMAN THREAT: b/c so productive typically 1st to be used for agriculture
39
Q

Shrubland

A

A biome charecterized by hot, dry summers and mild rainy winters (woodland)

40
Q

What are features of a shrubland?

A
  • 12 month growing season
  • Summer: Favors wildfires; plants adapted to fire and drought
    HUMAN THREAT: frequent fires
41
Q

Temperate Grassland

A

A biome charecterized by cold, harsh winters, and hot, dry summers (Cold Dessert)

42
Q

What are features of a Temperate Grassland?

A
  • Mild Climates
  • Seasons
  • Dry
    -Deep Rooted plants: grasses, no flowering plants
  • 98% of tall grass prairie is converted to agriculture
43
Q

Tropical Rainforest

A

A warm and wet biome found between 20 N and 20 South of the equator, with little seasonal temperature variation and high percipition,
- Soil is poor -> b/c decomposition is so rapid

44
Q

What are some features of Tropical Rainforest

A
  • hot
  • high vegetation
  • lots of rain
  • HUMAN THREAT: Deforestation for agriculture
45
Q

Savanna

A

A biome marked by warm temperatures and distinct wet and dry seasons (tropical seasonal Rainforest)

46
Q

What are some features of a Savnna?

A
  • Safari
  • HUMAN THREAT: Convert land to agriculture
  • Fairly fertile -> Lack of Precipitation -> Contrains plants from taking nutrients
47
Q

Hot Desseret

A
  • A biome charecterized by hot temperatures, extremely dry conditions, sparse vergetation
48
Q

What are some features of a hot desseret?

A
  • Hot
  • Dry
  • Little Vegetation
    HUMAN THREAT: Climate change, draining of underground water for human use
  • 30 N 30 S
49
Q

Where is the greatest biodiversity?

A

Near the Equator
- Greatest productivity
- Photosynthesis is high

50
Q

Freshwater Biomes

A

Streams, Rivers, lake, and wetlands

51
Q

Marine Biomes

A

Estuaries, coral reefs, and the open ocean

52
Q

Brackish

A

Salt water meets meets fresh water

53
Q

How much of the earth is covered in water

A

70 %
- Not all accessible

54
Q

How much of the earth is covered in water

A

70 %
- Not all accessible

55
Q

What is the Water flow rate?

A

Streams -> Rivers -> Lake or Open Ocean

56
Q

Littoral Zone

A

The shallow zone of the soil and water in lakes and ponds near the shore where most algae and emergent plants such as cattails grow

57
Q

Limnetic Zone

A

A zone of open water in lakes and ponds as deep as sunlight can penetrate

58
Q

Phytoplankton

A

Floating Alage

59
Q

Profundal Zone

A

A region of water where sunlight does not reach, below the limnetic zone in very deep lakes

60
Q

Benthic Zone

A

The muddy bottom of the lake,pond or even ocean beneath the limnetic and profunal zone

61
Q

Benthic Zone

A

The muddy bottom of the lake,pond or even ocean beneath the limnetic and profunal zone

62
Q

Oligothrophic

A

Describes a lake with low levels of phystoplankton due to nutrients in water

63
Q

Mesotrophic

A

Describes lakes with a moderately levered of fertility

64
Q

Eutrophic

A

Describes lake with high levels of fertility

65
Q

Eutrification

A

Dead zone, no oxygen, no sunlight, no food for other organisms,

66
Q

Eutrification

A

Dead zone, no oxygen, no sunlight, no food for other organisms,

67
Q

Freshwater Wetland

A

An aquatic biome that is submerged or saturated by water for at least part of the year, but shallow enough support emergent vegetation

68
Q

Freshwater Wetland

A

An aquatic biome that is submerged or saturated by water for at least part of the year, but shallow enough support emergent vegetation

69
Q

Features of a Freshwater Wetland

A
  • Most productive biome
  • Provided critical Ecological Service - takes large amount of water, prevents flooding, provides habitats filters pollutants rechargeing groundwater
    -HUMAN THREAT: Drained for agriculture
70
Q

Estuary

A

An area along coast where the fresh water of rivers mix with salt water from ocean

71
Q

Salt Marshes

A

Found in coastal in temperate climates, marshes containing nonwoody emergent vegetation

72
Q

Mangrove Swamp

A

A swamp that occurs in tropical +subtropical coastal, contains salt tolerant trees -> roots submerged in water

73
Q

What are features of Mangrove Swamp

A
  • Protectant coastline from erosion and storm damage
    -Nutrient Rich
  • HUMAN THREAT: Destruction of Habiatat
74
Q

Internal Zone

A

Narrow band coastline that exists between high tide and low tide levels

75
Q

Coral Reefs

A

Represents Earths most diverse marine biome, and are found in water, shallow waters beyond the shoreline in tropical regions

76
Q

Coral Bleeching

A

A phenomenon in which algae inside coral to turn to white
Algae dies -> Coral turns white -> dies

77
Q

Coral

A

Tiny animals which secrete CaCO3 to form external skeleton
- Live in nutrient poor water
- Symbotic relationship with algae

78
Q

Open Ocean

A

Deep- Ocean, located away from the shoreline where sunlight can no longer reach the ocean bottom

79
Q

Photic Zone

A

The upper layer of ocean water in the ocean enough sunlight for photosynthesis
-Phytoplankton based of food web

80
Q

Photic Zone

A

The upper layer of ocean water in the ocean enough sunlight for photosynthesis
-Phytoplankton based of food web

81
Q

Aphotic Zone

A

The deeper layer of ocean water that lacks sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis

82
Q

Aphotic Zone

A

The deeper layer of ocean water that lacks sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis

83
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

A process 9used by some bacteria to generate energy with menthane and hydrogen sulfide
- Bacteria: H2SO4CH4

APES (6 decks)

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