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APES > Unit 3 (Modules 15-18) > Flashcards

Unit 3 (Modules 15-18) Flashcards

1
Q

Generalist

A

Species that exist under a broad range of conditions
- wide variety of diet
- wide variety of habitat
- might end up invasive species

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2
Q

Specialists

A

Species that exist under a narrow range of conditions
- specialized diet ‘
- narrow habitat range
Most likely to become endangered/threatened

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3
Q

Population Growth Rate (Intrinsic Growth rate)

A

The number of offspring an individual can produce in a given time period, minus the deaths of the individual or its offspring during the same period.

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4
Q

Biotic Potential

A

Under ideal conditions with unlimited resources available, every population has a maximum potential for growth

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5
Q

Carry capacity

A

The limit to the # of individual that can be supported by an existing habitat or ecosystem, denoted as k

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6
Q

K selected species

A

A species with a low intrinsic growth rate that causes the population to increase slowly until it reaches the carrying capacity of the environment

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7
Q

R selected species

A

A species with high intrinic growth rate, and their population increases rapidly

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8
Q

R selected species

A

A species with high intrinic growth rate, and their population increases rapidly

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9
Q

Overshoot

A

When an population becomes larger than the environments carrying capicty

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10
Q

Dieback

A

The rapid decline in a population due to death (die-off(

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11
Q

Survivorship Curve

A

A graph that represents the distinct pattern of species survival as function of age

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12
Q

Type 1 Surviership

A

Shows high survival overtime, and large numbers of death in old age

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13
Q

Type 2 Surviership

A

Shows there is relatively constant decline over an entire lifespan

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14
Q

Type 3 Survivership

A

Shows high death rate early in life with few individuals reaching adulthood

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15
Q

What type are K selected species

A

1 and 2

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16
Q

What type is R selected species

A

3

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17
Q

Population Growth models

A

Mathematical equations that can be used to predict population size at any moment

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18
Q

Density Dependent factors

A

Influence the probability of survival depending on the population size

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19
Q

Density Independent factor

A

Factors that has the same effect on the probability of survival, regardless of the population

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20
Q

DI examples

A

Storms, fires, heat waves, drought

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21
Q

D2 Examples

A

Diseases transmission, territory size, food availability, access to clean air and water

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22
Q

Fecundity

A

The ability to produce an abundance of offspring

23
Q

Exponential Growth Model

A

A growth model that estimates a population in the future size after a period of time based on the biotic potential and # of the reducing individuals currently in the population

24
Q

J shaped curve

A

The curve of the expontial growth model when graphed

25
Q

Logistic Growth Model

A

A population whose growth is initially epotential but shows as the population approaches carrying capicty

26
Q

Demography

A

The study of human population and population trends

27
Q

Demographer

A

A scientist in a field of demography

28
Q

Examples if human population factors

A

Acces of health care, right control, education, economic prosperity, geopolitical conflicts

29
Q

Immigration

A

The movement of people into another country or region

30
Q

Emiigration

A

The movement of people out of a country or region

31
Q

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

A

The number of births per 1,000 individuals per year

32
Q

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

A

The # of deaths per 1,000 individual per year

33
Q

Net migration rate

A

The difference between immigration and emigration in a given year per 1,000 people in a country

34
Q

Life expectancy

A

The average number of years that an infant born in a particular country can be expected to live, given that currrecnt average life span and death rate in a country

35
Q

Infant Mortality

A

the number of deaths per children under 1 year of age per 1,00 live births

36
Q

Child Moralilty

A

The number of deaths of children under age 5 per 1,000 live births

37
Q

Environmental Justice

A

The study of disproportionate exposure to environmental hazards experienced by peop;e of color, recent immigrants, and people of lower social economical backgrounds; and is both an academic field and a social movement

38
Q

Age structure diagram

A

A visual representation of the number of individuals within a specific age group of a country, typically expressed in male and females

39
Q

Population pyramid

A

An age structure diagram that is widest at the bottom and smallest at the top; typaciily developing countries

40
Q

Developing countries

A

Countries with relatively low levels of industrialization and income

41
Q

Developing countries

A

Countries with relatively low levels of industrialization and income

42
Q

Developed countries

A

High income and industrialization

43
Q

Population momentum

A

Continued population growth after growth reduction measures have been implemented

44
Q

Total Fertiltiy rate (TFR)

A

An estimate on average number of children that each women in a partiucaulr population will bear throughout her child bearing years

45
Q

family planning

A

The regulation on the number of offspring through the use of birth control

46
Q

Replacement level fertility

A

The total fertility rate required to offset the average # of deaths in a population in order to maintain current population sizev

47
Q

Doubling time

A

The number of yers it takes for a population to double

48
Q

Rule of 70

A

A method which dictates that by dividing by 70, the percentage population growth rate can be determine a populations doubling time

49
Q

Theory of demographic transition

A

A country moves from high to lower birth and death rates as development occurs and that country moves from oreindustrialzed to industrialized in the economical system,

50
Q

IPAT equation

A

A conceptual representation of the 3 major factors that influence environmental impact: population of humans, Affleunce, Technology

51
Q

Global population growth rate percentage

A

([CBR-CDR]/10)x100

52
Q

National population % growth rate

A

[(CBR+Immigration)-(CDR+Emmigration)]/10

53
Q

Doubling time (years)

A

70/growth rate expressed in %

54
Q

IPAT(Impact) equation

A

Population x affluence x technology

APES (6 decks)

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