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APES > Unit 3 (Modules 15-18) > Flashcards

Unit 3 (Modules 15-18) Flashcards

1
Q

Generalist

A

Species that exist under a broad range of conditions
- wide variety of diet
- wide variety of habitat
- might end up invasive species

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2
Q

Specialists

A

Species that exist under a narrow range of conditions
- specialized diet ‘
- narrow habitat range
Most likely to become endangered/threatened

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3
Q

Population Growth Rate (Intrinsic Growth rate)

A

The number of offspring an individual can produce in a given time period, minus the deaths of the individual or its offspring during the same period.

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4
Q

Biotic Potential

A

Under ideal conditions with unlimited resources available, every population has a maximum potential for growth

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5
Q

Carry capacity

A

The limit to the # of individual that can be supported by an existing habitat or ecosystem, denoted as k

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6
Q

K selected species

A

A species with a low intrinsic growth rate that causes the population to increase slowly until it reaches the carrying capacity of the environment

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7
Q

R selected species

A

A species with high intrinic growth rate, and their population increases rapidly

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8
Q

R selected species

A

A species with high intrinic growth rate, and their population increases rapidly

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9
Q

Overshoot

A

When an population becomes larger than the environments carrying capicty

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10
Q

Dieback

A

The rapid decline in a population due to death (die-off(

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11
Q

Survivorship Curve

A

A graph that represents the distinct pattern of species survival as function of age

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12
Q

Type 1 Surviership

A

Shows high survival overtime, and large numbers of death in old age

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13
Q

Type 2 Surviership

A

Shows there is relatively constant decline over an entire lifespan

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14
Q

Type 3 Survivership

A

Shows high death rate early in life with few individuals reaching adulthood

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15
Q

What type are K selected species

A

1 and 2

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16
Q

What type is R selected species

A

3

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17
Q

Population Growth models

A

Mathematical equations that can be used to predict population size at any moment

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18
Q

Density Dependent factors

A

Influence the probability of survival depending on the population size

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19
Q

Density Independent factor

A

Factors that has the same effect on the probability of survival, regardless of the population

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20
Q

DI examples

A

Storms, fires, heat waves, drought

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21
Q

D2 Examples

A

Diseases transmission, territory size, food availability, access to clean air and water

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22
Q

Fecundity

A

The ability to produce an abundance of offspring

23
Q

Exponential Growth Model

A

A growth model that estimates a population in the future size after a period of time based on the biotic potential and # of the reducing individuals currently in the population

24
Q

J shaped curve

A

The curve of the expontial growth model when graphed

25
Logistic Growth Model
A population whose growth is initially epotential but shows as the population approaches carrying capicty
26
Demography
The study of human population and population trends
27
Demographer
A scientist in a field of demography
28
Examples if human population factors
Acces of health care, right control, education, economic prosperity, geopolitical conflicts
29
Immigration
The movement of people into another country or region
30
Emiigration
The movement of people out of a country or region
31
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
The number of births per 1,000 individuals per year
32
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
The # of deaths per 1,000 individual per year
33
Net migration rate
The difference between immigration and emigration in a given year per 1,000 people in a country
34
Life expectancy
The average number of years that an infant born in a particular country can be expected to live, given that currrecnt average life span and death rate in a country
35
Infant Mortality
the number of deaths per children under 1 year of age per 1,00 live births
36
Child Moralilty
The number of deaths of children under age 5 per 1,000 live births
37
Environmental Justice
The study of disproportionate exposure to environmental hazards experienced by peop;e of color, recent immigrants, and people of lower social economical backgrounds; and is both an academic field and a social movement
38
Age structure diagram
A visual representation of the number of individuals within a specific age group of a country, typically expressed in male and females
39
Population pyramid
An age structure diagram that is widest at the bottom and smallest at the top; typaciily developing countries
40
Developing countries
Countries with relatively low levels of industrialization and income
41
Developing countries
Countries with relatively low levels of industrialization and income
42
Developed countries
High income and industrialization
43
Population momentum
Continued population growth after growth reduction measures have been implemented
44
Total Fertiltiy rate (TFR)
An estimate on average number of children that each women in a partiucaulr population will bear throughout her child bearing years
45
family planning
The regulation on the number of offspring through the use of birth control
46
Replacement level fertility
The total fertility rate required to offset the average # of deaths in a population in order to maintain current population sizev
47
Doubling time
The number of yers it takes for a population to double
48
Rule of 70
A method which dictates that by dividing by 70, the percentage population growth rate can be determine a populations doubling time
49
Theory of demographic transition
A country moves from high to lower birth and death rates as development occurs and that country moves from oreindustrialzed to industrialized in the economical system,
50
IPAT equation
A conceptual representation of the 3 major factors that influence environmental impact: population of humans, Affleunce, Technology
51
Global population growth rate percentage
([CBR-CDR]/10)x100
52
National population % growth rate
[(CBR+Immigration)-(CDR+Emmigration)]/10
53
Doubling time (years)
70/growth rate expressed in %
54
IPAT(Impact) equation
Population x affluence x technology

APES (12 decks)

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