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World History > Unit 4 - Western Europe > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Western Europe Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Erasmus contribute to?

A

Intellectual ideas (humanism)

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2
Q

Erasmus is considered part of the ________ time period

A

Renaissance

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3
Q

The Renaissance spread from ______ to _______

A

Italian city-states, northern Europe

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4
Q

Where was Judaism concentrated in 1500?

A

Middle East, Europe

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5
Q

Where was Christianity concentrated in 1500?

A

Middle East, Europe

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6
Q

Where was Islam concentrated in 1500?

A

Parts of Asia, Africa, and southern Europe

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7
Q

Where was Hinduism concentrated in 1500?

A

India, Southeast Asia

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8
Q

Where was Buddhism concentrated in 1500?

A

South, East Asia

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9
Q

Trade routes: Asia to Mediterranean in 1500

A

Silk Roads

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10
Q

Most active trade route in 1500

A

Indian Ocean

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11
Q

African Trade Route

A

Trans-Saharan across North Africa

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12
Q

Trade in Northern Europe

A

Black Sea

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13
Q

Trade within Western Europe

A

Sea and river

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14
Q

List advancements TRANSFERRED ACROSS TRADE ROUTES by China by 1500

A

Porcelain, compass, silk, porcelain

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15
Q

List technologies TRANSFERRED ACROSS TRADE ROUTES by India/Middle East by 1500

A

Textiles, numeral system

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16
Q

List technologies TRANSFERRED ACROSS TRADE ROUTES that did not have one single originator by 1500

A

Scientific knowledge, astronomy, medicine

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17
Q

Merchant wealth challenged the Church’s views on ________

A

usury

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18
Q

_____ and ______ nobility disliked ITALIAN DOMINANCE over the Church

A

German, English

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19
Q

The widespread ________ within the Church and the sale of _______ caused conflicts

A

corruption, indulgences

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20
Q

Luther believed that ________ alone led to salvation

A

Faith

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21
Q

In what year did Luther post his 95 Theses?

A

1517

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22
Q

John Calvin believed that salvation was earned through a _______ and a good _____ ethic

A

righteous life, work

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23
Q

King Henry VIII dismissed the authority of the _______ in Rome

A

Pope

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24
Q

King Henry VIII eventually _______ with Rome

A

divorced

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25
Q

King Henry’s actions allowed him to ________ land and wealth of the _______ in England

A

appropriate, RCCq

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26
Q

Queen Elizabeth I formally structured the Church and called it the ________

A

Anglican Church

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27
Q

Queen Elizabeth promoted religious ________ for ________

A

tolerance, dissenters

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28
Q

The reformation in Germany: _______ converted to ________

A

princes, Protestantism

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29
Q

The Hapsburg family and the HRE supported the _______

A

Roman Catholic Church

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30
Q

Protestant and Catholic conflict resulted in _______

A

devastating wars (30 year’s war)

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31
Q

In France, the Catholic Monarchy granted Protestants _____________ through the Edict of ________

A

freedom of worship, Nantes

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32
Q

Counter-reformation: _________ reaffirmed Catholic doctrine

A

Council of Trent

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33
Q

________ was founded to spread Catholic doctrine

A

Society of Jesus (Jesuit order)

34
Q

The Inquisition was ________ during the counter-reformation

A

reinvoked

35
Q

What was the Inquisition?

A

A series of courts designed to stop heresy

36
Q

Growth of literacy was stimulated by the ___________

A

Gutenberg printing press

37
Q

The Bible was printed in _______

A

English, German, French

38
Q

Constantinople fell in _____-

A

1453

39
Q

Prince Henry the Navigator created definitive maps of _____

A

the coast of West Africa

40
Q

________, like corn and tobacco, from the Western Hemisphere changed European lifestyles.

A

Agricultural products

41
Q

European _______ changed the lifestyles of the Native Americans

A

horses and cattle (livestock)

42
Q

Where was the Ottoman Empire located?

A

Asia Minor

43
Q

Where did the Ottoman Empire expand?

A

Southwest Asia, Balkan Peninsula (Southeastern Europe), North Africa

44
Q

________ was a tolerant, unifying force in the Ottoman Empire

A

Islam

45
Q

Location of the Mughal Empire

A

North India

46
Q

What did European nations do in India?

A

They competed for trade by establishing trading outposts on the coast

47
Q

Describe 2 parts of the Commercial revolution.

A
  1. ) European nations fought for maritime control of overseas colonies.
  2. ) New economic systems: money, banking, mercantilism.
48
Q

William Harvey

A

circulation of blood

49
Q

Copernicus

A

heliocentric theory

50
Q

Galileo

A

used the telescope to support the heliocentric theory

51
Q

Kepler

A

planetary motion

52
Q

Newton

A

gravity

53
Q

Nepotism

A

RCC giving offices to illegitimate sons (“nephews”)

54
Q

1054

A

Schism: RCC and EOC split

55
Q

1648

A

End of 30 years war

56
Q

In Russia, the orthodox church was _____ to rulers

A

subordinate

57
Q

simony

A

buying or selling church office

58
Q

The Hapsburgs dominated which two regions

A

Spain and HRE

59
Q

Hapsburg-Valois wars were fought between _____ and ____ (religion)

A

Catholics, Catholics

60
Q

Hapsburgs fought against German _____

A

Lutherans

61
Q

Hapsburgs fought against Dutch ______

A

Calvinists

62
Q

Hapsburgs fought against English _____

A

Anglican/Puritans(Calvinists)

63
Q

1571: Ottoman Turks - what happened?

A

Battle of Lepanto

64
Q

The Battle of Lepanto ended the Ottoman _________

A

naval threat in the Mediterranean

65
Q

1571 was also the year in which _________

A

the Spanish Galeon set sail (Potosi)

66
Q

What came out of the 80 Years’ War, or Dutch Revolt?

A

Dutch Republic North (Protesant) & Catholic South (Hapsburg countrol)

67
Q

Mary Tudor, in between Henvry VIII and Elizabeth I, attempted to __________

A

restore Catholicism

68
Q

English Navy sank the Spanish Armada in ______

A

1588

69
Q

England replaced Spain as _________

A

the #1 naval power

70
Q

3-way power struggle in France

A

Valois (Catholic), Guise (Ultra-Catholic), Bourbon (Huguenot=Calvinist)

71
Q

Who won the power struggle in France?

A

Bourbon family

72
Q

Thirty year’s war lasted from _____ to _____

A

1618 - 1648

73
Q

Why was Cardinal Richelieu’s actions a WATERSHED in early modern European history?

A

Ended purely religious wars –> POLITICAL ALLIANCES

74
Q

Joint stock companies were pioneered by the _____

A

Dutch

75
Q

Renaissance time frame

A

1350-1600

76
Q

Medici family in relation to Renaissance

A

de facto rulers, patrons of the arts

77
Q

Definition of humanism

A

MAN is the measure of all things, NOT GOD

78
Q

How did the Renaissance spread to the North?

A

Trade, printing, merchant guilds

79
Q

Erasmus was a _______

A

Dutch humanist

80
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

Divided Latin America between Portugal and Spain

81
Q

Peter the Great and Catherine the Great did what to Russia?

A

Introduced western ideas

82
Q

Louis XIV was an ______ monarch

A

absolute

World History (9 decks)

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