Revolutions Flashcards
Steps of a revolution
Outbreak, Honeymoon under Moderates, Radicalization of Revolutionary, Restoration of stability
Voltaire’s beliefs
Freedom in religion and speech
Diderot wrote the ________
Encyclopedia
Montesquieu’s thoughts
Separation of powers
Hobbes
Complete giving up of one’s rights to gov.’t
Locke
Right to overthrow tyrannical government, natural rights
Rousseau
One must give up partial rights to government as part of the social contract
Baroque music
Bach, Mozart
Baroque music was ______
full of emotion, unrestrained
Catherine the Great and Frederick the Great were what type of rulers?
Enlightened despots
Salon
where upper class individuals would have philosophical talks
All weather roads and improvements in ship design led to
lower transportation costs
New crops, drills, and farming techniques led to the _______
second agricultural revolution
Timeline of England’s monarchical transformation
James 1, Charles I (Absolutist) –> Civil War (Puritan Revolution) Cromwell’s Puritan Theocracy –> Charles II Restoration –> Absolutist James II –> Glorious Revolution –> William & Mary Rule
Tories are _____ whereas the Whigs were ______
conservative, liberal
Petition of Right
Charles I forced to sign this; said there were rights the King could not violate, reaffirmed Magna Carta
English Bill of Rights
freedom of speech, increased parliamentary powers
Seven year’s war
French + Iroquois vs Algonquin + British/Americans. At first French won, then Britain did.
Maximilien Robespierre
led the extreme Montagnards during the Reign of Terror
Eugene Delacroix
an intensely Romantic painter that showed many depictions of the FR
Napoleon Bonaparte
Ruler after the Reign of Terror, led a coup to overthrow the Directory
Thermidorean Phase
Government restructuring after the Terror - the Directory formed, which then came to abuse its power
Prince Metternich
Led the Congress of Vienna, which reorganized the powers in Europe so that none could dominate the others
Versailles
The palace in France, which required a lot of money to uphold. There was a women’s march here which forced Louis XVI to abdicate to paris.
Proletariat
the working urban peasantry
Bourgeoisie
the middle class
Petit bourgeoisie
The idea that everyone (middle class) should own land
sans-culottes
those who didn’t wear breeches –> middle class revolutionaries
la marseillas
The French national anthem composed during the FR
committee of public safety
political body that gained almost dictatorial control over France during the Reign of Terror
Neo-classical art
refined, less emotion, fine design, subdued palette, idealized
Romanticism
lots of emotion bursting from everywhere, concepts as entities
Continental System
Napoleon’s attempt to blockade Britain and stop trade happening
Maroons
the landowning aristocracy in Haiti
Cult of the Supreme Being
deism by Robespierre intended to become state religion (Rejection of religion)
Who began the revolution in Mexico?
Creole priest named Miguel Hidalgo
caudillos
a militia leader with charisma
centralists in Mexico
favored strong central government, paid national army
federalists in Mexico
preferred limited government
Augustin de Iturbide
a Creole officer at the head of an army who was proclaimed emperor of Mexico
juntas
local governments that arose in areas trying to maintain independence
