Unit 4 Topic 1 Flashcards
Capsule
outer layer of connective tissue
Cortex
outer region containing glomeruli
Medulla
inner region containing renal pyramids
Lobe
pyramid + associated cortical tissue adjacent
Lobule
cortical labyrinth and central medullary ray
Cortical Labyrinth
area with glomeruli and closest tubule
Central medullary artery
area with only renal tubules
Glomerulus
high pressure capillary
Glomerular/Bowman’s capsule
structrual support surrounding the glomerulus
Glomerular/Bowman’s Space
collects filtrate
What is the sequence of the renal tubule?
proximal convoluted tubule–>Nephron Loop–>Collecting Duct
Sequence the Nephron Loop
Descending thick–>Descending Thin–>Ascending Thin–>Ascending Thick
What cells line the proximal convoluted tubule?
simple columnar epithelium
What cells line the descending thick segment?
simple cuboidal epithelium
What cells line the descending thin segment?
simple squamous
What cells line the ascending thin segment?
simple squamous
What cells line the ascending thick segment?
simple cuboidal
What cells line the distal convoluted tubule?
simple cuboidal epithelium
What cells line the collecting duct?
simple cuboidal epithelium
What makes up 85% of nephrons?
cortical nephrons
What makes up the majority of nephrons in the cortex?
cortical nephrons
What makes up 15% of nephrons?
juxtamedullary
What do the juxtamedullary nephrons dip into?
medulla
What is the function of the juxtamedullary nephron?
concentrates urine
What capillaries follow convoluted tubules?
peritubular capillaries
What type of capillary is found in the cortex?
peritubular
What type of capillary is found primarily in the medulla?
vasa recta
What does the vasa recta capillary follow?
nephron loop of juxtamedullary nephrons
What are the components of the filtration membrane?
fenestrated epithelium, basal lamina, and podocyte
What is the purpose of the fenestrated epithelium?
allows solutes to pass, but not larger cells or large plasma proteins
What is the purpose of the basal lamina in the filtration membrane?
repels negatively charged solutes/molecules because it is negatively charged
What is the basal lamina of the filtration membrane made out of?
type III collagen
What is the purpose of the podocyte in the filtration membrane?
foot processes create slit membranes that prevent filtration of medium-sized proteins
What regulates what is released from blood using the filtration membrane?
glomerular filtration
What removes substance from the blood and adds back to the tubules?
tubular secretion
Does tubular secretion occur along the length of the tubule?
yes
What removes substances from the tubules and adds back to the blood?
tubular reabsorbtion
Does tubular reabsorbtion occur along the length of the tubule?
yes
What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule?
reabsorbtion
What is the difference in the proximal convoluted tubule epithelium and distal convoluted tubule epithelium?
simple columnar in proximal; simple cuboidal in distal
What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule
regulates K, Na, and NaCl
What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
maintains blood pressure and to act as a quality control mechanisim to endure proper glomerular flow rate and efficent sodium reabsorption
What is the path of urine once it leaves the collecting duct?
collecting duct–>Ureter–>Bladder
What does the descending limb of the nephron loop do to urine?
concentrates urine
What does the ascending limb of the nephron loop due to urine?
dilutes urine
What limb of the nephron loop is permeable to water and impermeable to solutes?
descending limb
What limb of the nephron loop is impermeable to water and permeable to solutes?
ascending limb
What removes solutes and water from the nephron loop to maintain the gradient?
vasa recta
What is highly sensitive to hormones and uses the gradient?
collecting duct
