Unit 2 Topic 3 Flashcards
What part of the neuron is numerous, highly branched and has non-myelinated cytoplasmic processes?
dendrites
What serves in signal reception and information processing?
dendrites
What determines if an action potential is generated by membrane alterations?
dendrites
What are dendritic spines involved in?
synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory formation
What part of the neuron contains the nucleus and biosecretory pathway?
body
What part of the neural body is used to assemble/transport neurotransmitters?
RER=nissl bodies/substance
What is a single projection that releases neurotransmitters from a conductive region?
Axon
What is the axonal transport?
uses molecular motors to transport substances down cytoskeletal elements
Anterograde
toward terminal
Retrograde
toward body
Axon terminals
expanded ends that make contact with dendrites, cell bodies of other neurons, or effector cells
What is included in a synapse?
includes presynaptic cell, postsynaptic cell, and space where neurotransmitters are released
What is the synaptic cleft?
gap between cells composed of adhesion molecules and is the location of released neurotransmitters
Meissner Plexus
ganglia in submucosa
Auerbach Plexus
ganglia between circular and longitudinal layers of smooth muscle
What connects capillaries that affect the permeability of the blood brain barrier by regulating the movement of small molecules?
Astrocytes
What connects blood vessels and nerves in the CNS?
Astrocytes
What cells contact multiple axons of CNS neurons to form the myelin sheath?
Oligodendrocytes
What cells of the CNS originate from bone marrow and differentiate into phagocytic cells?
microglia
What cells form a layer that lines the spaces filled with cerebrospinal fluid and subarachnoid space and functions to produce and circulate CSF via cilia?
Ependymal Cells
What forms the myelin sheath segment between nodes of ranvier around a single axon or enclose multiple unmyelinated axons in the PNS?
Schwann Cells
What PNS cells surround cell bodies of neurons in ganglia?
Satellite Cells
What is directly tied to myelination?
regeneration
How does regeneration work in the PNS?
schwann cells divide and develop bands that bridge the gap and serve as a guide for new axons sprouts from the injury site toward the effector
Can the CNS regenerate? Why or why not?
No; it is not considered possible due to death of the oligodendrocytes
