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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Unit 4: The Tiessue Level Of Organization > Flashcards

Unit 4: The Tiessue Level Of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Histology

A

The study of microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues; a branch of pathology

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2
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

One of 4 basic tissue types

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3
Q

Functions of epithelial tissue

A

Used to line surfaces and form a protective barrier; secretes things like mucous, hormones, and other substances

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4
Q

Locations of epithelial tissues

A

Sweat glands, pancreas

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5
Q

Surfaces of epithelial tissue

A

Free surface and attached surface

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6
Q

Blood supply

A

No; it gets blood from under lying connective tissue

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7
Q

3 shapes of epithelial tissue

A

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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8
Q

3 layers of epithelial tissue

A

Simple, stratified, pseudostratified

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9
Q

Simple squamous characteristics

A

Composed of a single layer of flat cells

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10
Q

Where is simple squamous found?

A

Air sacs (lungs), lining of blood vessels, heart, lymphatic vessels, epithelial membranes

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11
Q

Simple cuboidal characteristics

A

Composed of a single layer of cubed shaped cells

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12
Q

Where simple cuboidal is found

A

Lining of the tubules if the kidneys, glands

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13
Q

Simple columnar characteristics

A

Single layer if column like cells +/- Microvili +/- mucous (goblet cells)

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14
Q

Where simple columnar is found?

A

Digestive tract

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15
Q

Goblet cells

A

Simple columnar cells; differentiated to acquire the ability to secrete mucous

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16
Q

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar characteristics

A

Appears to have layers due to nuclei which are at various depths; cells are attached to basement membrane in a single layer but some do t extend to the surface; ciliated tissue

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17
Q

Where pseudostratified ciliated columnar is found

A

Upper respiratory tract

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18
Q

Tissue

A

A group of cells with a common embryonic origin that function together to carry out specialized activities

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19
Q

Stratified squamous characteristics

A

Has an apical surface that is made up of squamous cells. Other layers have different shapes but the ma,e is based on the outermost layer. Many layers are ideal for protection against strong friction forces

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20
Q

Where stratified squamous is found

A

Skin

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20
Q

Stratified cuboidal characteristics

A

Has an outer surface made of 2 or more layers of cubed shaped cells

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21
Q

Where’s stratified cuboidal found?

A

Sweat glands; part of the make urethra (exposed to harsher conditions)

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22
Q

Transitional characteristics

A

Changes shape depending on the state to stretch tissue

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23
Q

Where are transitional cells found?

A

Bladder

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24
Q

Endothelium

A

A specialized simple squamous epithelium that lines the entire circulatory system from the heart to the smaller capillary (inside lining)

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25
Q

Mesothelium

A

Found in serous membranes (middle) (pericardium, pleura, peritoneum (heart))

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26
Q

Carcinoma

A

Cancer of the epithelial tissue

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27
Q

Connective tissue (CT)

A

Most abundant and widely distributed tissues in the body, the most heterogeneous of tissue groups; binds tissues, supports/strengthens tissue, protects and insulates internal organs; compartmentalizes/transports; energy reserves/immune response

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28
Q

Location of connective tissue

A

?

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29
Q

Main protein of connectives tissue

A

Collagen

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30
Q

Blood supply of CT

A

Highly vascular; supplied with many nerves

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31
Q

Extra cellular matrix of CT?

A

Non cellular material. Between/around cells; protein fiber/ground substance

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32
Q

Fibroblasts

A

The most numerous cell of CT; secretes protein fibers (collagen, elastin, reticular fibers, ground substance) immature, young, high fiber producing cells

33
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Make various cartilaginous CT

34
Q

Adipocytes

A

Store triglycerides (fat)

35
Q

Osteocytes

A

Make bone

36
Q

Collagen fiber

A

Strength

37
Q

Elastin fiber

A

Stretch

38
Q

Reticular fiber

A

Internal framework

39
Q

Sarcoma

A

Cancer of CT

40
Q

Loose connective - areolar CT

A

Most widely distributed in body p; contains several types of cells and all 3 fiber types; used to attach skin and underlying tissues and as a packing between muscles, glands, and nerve tissue (tissue glue)

41
Q

Loose connective - adipose CT

A

Located in the subcutaneous layer deep in the skin and around organs and joints; padding, insulation, fat/energy storage; reduces heat loss

42
Q

Loose connective - reticular CT

A

Network of interlacing reticular fibers and cells; forms a scaffolding used by cells of lymphoid tissues such as steel and lymph-nodes

43
Q

Dense connective - dense irregular

A

Predominantly fibroblasts and collagen; provides strength and many directions

44
Q

Dense connective

A

Comprised of tendons/ligaments, and other strong attachments; need for strength along 1 axis/direction is necessary

45
Q

Elastic connective tissue

A

Predominantly fibroblasts and freely branching elastic fibers; allows stretching of certain tissues (aorta)

46
Q

Cartilage

A

A tissue with poor blood supply that grows slowly; repair is slow

47
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Most abundant; covers ends of long bones (ribs, nose, trachea, bronchi, larynx); provides smooth surface for joint movement

48
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Has thick bundles of collagen fibers; strong tough cartilage; fibrocartilage discs between vertebrae space; knee joints

49
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Consists of Chondrocytes located in. A threadlike network; makes up the malleable part of the external ear and epiglottis

50
Q

Bone

A

A connective tissue with a calcified intercellular matrix; in the right circumstances the chrondocytes of cartilage are capable of turning into the osteocytes that make up bone tissue

51
Q

Blood

A

Atypical liquid connective tissue; blood has many cells; fiber (fibrin-clots blood); not physical, functional

52
Q

Lymph

A

Atypical liquid connective tissue; physical not functional

53
Q

What tissues are electrically excitable?

A

Neurons and muscle fibers

54
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Attaches to bones; striated voluntary

55
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Striated/involuntary; intercalated disks; heart only

56
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Non striated/visceral/involuntary; no cross striations; found in blood vessels/tube shaped organs

57
Q

Striated muscles?

A

Skeletal; cardiac

58
Q

Voluntary

A

Skeletal

59
Q

neurons

A

Has cell body; 2 processes (axion/dendrite);
axion - carries nerve impulses away from cell body
Dendrite - carries nerve impulses to cell body

60
Q

Glia (neuralgia)

A

Supportive and connecting cells; does not send nerve impulses

61
Q

Parts of neuron

A

Axion; dendrites

62
Q

Epithelial membranes

A

Epithelium + connective tissue

63
Q

Mucous membrane

A

Line interior surfaces open to the outside

64
Q

Location of mucous membrane

A

Interior body surfaces

65
Q

Examples of mucous membranes

A

Digestive tract; respiratory tract; reproductive tract; urinary tract

66
Q

Serous membrane

A

Not open to outside

67
Q

Location of serous membrane

A

Line some interior surfaces

68
Q

Examples of serous membrane

A

Parietal layer next to body wall; visceral layer next to organ; serous fluid between layers; pleura pericardium, peritoneum

69
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

Skin

70
Q

Connective membrane - synovial membrane

A

Enclose certain joints; made of connective tissue only

71
Q

Location of synovial membrane

A

Knee; shoulder

72
Q

Glands

A

Epithelial glands - simple organs
Endocrine - secreted directly into the blood
Exocrine - secretes into a lemon or duct/skin surface

73
Q

Types of tissue?

A

?

74
Q

Endocrine

A

Secretes directly into the blood

75
Q

Exocrine

A

Into a lumen or ducts (mucous, sweat, saliva, oil, earwax, contain digestive enzymes)

76
Q

Parenchyma

A

Consists of that tissue which conducts the specific function of the organ

77
Q

Storms

A

Everything else; connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves

78
Q

Granulation tissue

A

Actively growing connective tissue

79
Q

Tissue repair

A

Return to homeostasis Depends on active repair of parenchyma cells and stoma
1). Fibroblasts divide rapidly
2). New collagen fibers are manufactured
3). New blood capillaries supply materials for healing
Created a granulation tissue

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (10 decks)

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