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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Unit 4: The Tiessue Level Of Organization > Flashcards

Unit 4: The Tiessue Level Of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Histology

A

The study of microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues; a branch of pathology

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2
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

One of 4 basic tissue types

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3
Q

Functions of epithelial tissue

A

Used to line surfaces and form a protective barrier; secretes things like mucous, hormones, and other substances

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4
Q

Locations of epithelial tissues

A

Sweat glands, pancreas

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5
Q

Surfaces of epithelial tissue

A

Free surface and attached surface

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6
Q

Blood supply

A

No; it gets blood from under lying connective tissue

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7
Q

3 shapes of epithelial tissue

A

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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8
Q

3 layers of epithelial tissue

A

Simple, stratified, pseudostratified

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9
Q

Simple squamous characteristics

A

Composed of a single layer of flat cells

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10
Q

Where is simple squamous found?

A

Air sacs (lungs), lining of blood vessels, heart, lymphatic vessels, epithelial membranes

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11
Q

Simple cuboidal characteristics

A

Composed of a single layer of cubed shaped cells

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12
Q

Where simple cuboidal is found

A

Lining of the tubules if the kidneys, glands

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13
Q

Simple columnar characteristics

A

Single layer if column like cells +/- Microvili +/- mucous (goblet cells)

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14
Q

Where simple columnar is found?

A

Digestive tract

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15
Q

Goblet cells

A

Simple columnar cells; differentiated to acquire the ability to secrete mucous

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16
Q

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar characteristics

A

Appears to have layers due to nuclei which are at various depths; cells are attached to basement membrane in a single layer but some do t extend to the surface; ciliated tissue

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17
Q

Where pseudostratified ciliated columnar is found

A

Upper respiratory tract

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18
Q

Tissue

A

A group of cells with a common embryonic origin that function together to carry out specialized activities

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19
Q

Stratified squamous characteristics

A

Has an apical surface that is made up of squamous cells. Other layers have different shapes but the ma,e is based on the outermost layer. Many layers are ideal for protection against strong friction forces

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20
Q

Where stratified squamous is found

A

Skin

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20
Q

Stratified cuboidal characteristics

A

Has an outer surface made of 2 or more layers of cubed shaped cells

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21
Q

Where’s stratified cuboidal found?

A

Sweat glands; part of the make urethra (exposed to harsher conditions)

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22
Q

Transitional characteristics

A

Changes shape depending on the state to stretch tissue

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23
Q

Where are transitional cells found?

A

Bladder

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24
Endothelium
A specialized simple squamous epithelium that lines the entire circulatory system from the heart to the smaller capillary (inside lining)
25
Mesothelium
Found in serous membranes (middle) (pericardium, pleura, peritoneum (heart))
26
Carcinoma
Cancer of the epithelial tissue
27
Connective tissue (CT)
Most abundant and widely distributed tissues in the body, the most heterogeneous of tissue groups; binds tissues, supports/strengthens tissue, protects and insulates internal organs; compartmentalizes/transports; energy reserves/immune response
28
Location of connective tissue
?
29
Main protein of connectives tissue
Collagen
30
Blood supply of CT
Highly vascular; supplied with many nerves
31
Extra cellular matrix of CT?
Non cellular material. Between/around cells; protein fiber/ground substance
32
Fibroblasts
The most numerous cell of CT; secretes protein fibers (collagen, elastin, reticular fibers, ground substance) immature, young, high fiber producing cells
33
Chondrocytes
Make various cartilaginous CT
34
Adipocytes
Store triglycerides (fat)
35
Osteocytes
Make bone
36
Collagen fiber
Strength
37
Elastin fiber
Stretch
38
Reticular fiber
Internal framework
39
Sarcoma
Cancer of CT
40
Loose connective - areolar CT
Most widely distributed in body p; contains several types of cells and all 3 fiber types; used to attach skin and underlying tissues and as a packing between muscles, glands, and nerve tissue (tissue glue)
41
Loose connective - adipose CT
Located in the subcutaneous layer deep in the skin and around organs and joints; padding, insulation, fat/energy storage; reduces heat loss
42
Loose connective - reticular CT
Network of interlacing reticular fibers and cells; forms a scaffolding used by cells of lymphoid tissues such as steel and lymph-nodes
43
Dense connective - dense irregular
Predominantly fibroblasts and collagen; provides strength and many directions
44
Dense connective
Comprised of tendons/ligaments, and other strong attachments; need for strength along 1 axis/direction is necessary
45
Elastic connective tissue
Predominantly fibroblasts and freely branching elastic fibers; allows stretching of certain tissues (aorta)
46
Cartilage
A tissue with poor blood supply that grows slowly; repair is slow
47
Hyaline cartilage
Most abundant; covers ends of long bones (ribs, nose, trachea, bronchi, larynx); provides smooth surface for joint movement
48
Fibrocartilage
Has thick bundles of collagen fibers; strong tough cartilage; fibrocartilage discs between vertebrae space; knee joints
49
Elastic cartilage
Consists of Chondrocytes located in. A threadlike network; makes up the malleable part of the external ear and epiglottis
50
Bone
A connective tissue with a calcified intercellular matrix; in the right circumstances the chrondocytes of cartilage are capable of turning into the osteocytes that make up bone tissue
51
Blood
Atypical liquid connective tissue; blood has many cells; fiber (fibrin-clots blood); not physical, functional
52
Lymph
Atypical liquid connective tissue; physical not functional
53
What tissues are electrically excitable?
Neurons and muscle fibers
54
Skeletal muscle
Attaches to bones; striated voluntary
55
Cardiac muscle
Striated/involuntary; intercalated disks; heart only
56
Smooth muscle
Non striated/visceral/involuntary; no cross striations; found in blood vessels/tube shaped organs
57
Striated muscles?
Skeletal; cardiac
58
Voluntary
Skeletal
59
neurons
Has cell body; 2 processes (axion/dendrite); axion - carries nerve impulses away from cell body Dendrite - carries nerve impulses to cell body
60
Glia (neuralgia)
Supportive and connecting cells; does not send nerve impulses
61
Parts of neuron
Axion; dendrites
62
Epithelial membranes
Epithelium + connective tissue
63
Mucous membrane
Line interior surfaces open to the outside
64
Location of mucous membrane
Interior body surfaces
65
Examples of mucous membranes
Digestive tract; respiratory tract; reproductive tract; urinary tract
66
Serous membrane
Not open to outside
67
Location of serous membrane
Line some interior surfaces
68
Examples of serous membrane
Parietal layer next to body wall; visceral layer next to organ; serous fluid between layers; pleura pericardium, peritoneum
69
Cutaneous membrane
Skin
70
Connective membrane - synovial membrane
Enclose certain joints; made of connective tissue only
71
Location of synovial membrane
Knee; shoulder
72
Glands
Epithelial glands - simple organs Endocrine - secreted directly into the blood Exocrine - secretes into a lemon or duct/skin surface
73
Types of tissue?
?
74
Endocrine
Secretes directly into the blood
75
Exocrine
Into a lumen or ducts (mucous, sweat, saliva, oil, earwax, contain digestive enzymes)
76
Parenchyma
Consists of that tissue which conducts the specific function of the organ
77
Storms
Everything else; connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves
78
Granulation tissue
Actively growing connective tissue
79
Tissue repair
Return to homeostasis Depends on active repair of parenchyma cells and stoma 1). Fibroblasts divide rapidly 2). New collagen fibers are manufactured 3). New blood capillaries supply materials for healing Created a granulation tissue

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (10 decks)

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