Unit 3: Cellular Level Of Organization

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

The basic unit of all living things

Question 2

Prokaryote

Answer 2

Simple cells that are pro Karyon; no nucleus

Question 3

Eukaryote

Answer 3

Complex cells with a nucleus and sub cellular structures (organelles)

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

A gelatin like substance plus structural fibers and organelles

Question 5

Cell membrane functions

Answer 5

Forms the cells boundary; separates inside/outside
Semipermeable; flexible/sturdy; controls what goes in/out
Cellular communication; linking to other cells to determine if it’s foreign or domestic

Question 6

By layer composed of?

Answer 6

Phospholipids

Question 7

Functions:

Answer 7

Ion Channels
Transporters
Receptors
Enzymes
Cell identity

Question 8

Ion channels

Answer 8

Allow transport into or out of the cell

Question 9

Transporters

Answer 9

Selectively move substances through the membranes

Question 10

Receptors

Answer 10

Bind molecules that alter cellular activity

Question 11

Cell identity markers

Answer 11

Helps immune system recognize foreign/natural substances/cells

Question 12

Active transport

Answer 12

Involves energy (ATP) to move a substance against concentration gradient

Question 13

Passive transport

Answer 13

Involves substances moving across the cell membranes without energy

Question 14

Diffusion

Answer 14

The passive spread of solute from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

Question 15

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 15

Uses a helper molecule or carrier to speed up the rate (insulin/glucose)

Question 16

Osmosis

Answer 16

The passive movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to low

Question 17

Filtration

Answer 17

The movement of water and solute caused by hydrostatic pressure in one side of the membrane

Question 18

Ion pumps

Answer 18

Ion transporter; transmembrane protein that moves ion across a plasma membrane against their concentration gradient (active)

Question 19

Endocytosis

Answer 19

Materials move into a cell in a vehicle formed from the plasma membrane (active)

Question 20

Phagocytosis

Answer 20

Cellular eating (active)

Question 21

Pinocytosis

Answer 21

Cellular drinking (active)

Question 22

Exocytosis

Answer 22

Vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane releasing their contents into the extra cellular fluid (active)

Question 23

Isotonic

Answer 23

Same salt concentration as its surrounding environment - no change

Question 24

Hypertonic solution

Answer 24

High concentration of salt; moves water out of cell - deflates cell becomes more jagged

Question 25

Hypotonic solution

Answer 25

Low concentration of salt; puts water into cell; fills cell becomes very large; may explode

Question 26

Isotonic solutions for preparing and administering medications

Answer 26

Saline, distilled water

Question 27

Cystol

Answer 27

Water component of the cytoplasm

Question 28

Organelle

Answer 28

The sub cellular structures embedded in the Cystol, having characteristic shapes and specific functions

Question 29

Ribosomes

Answer 29

Protein synthesis

Question 30

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Answer 30

Network of membranes in the shake if flattened sacs or tubules; connected to nuclear envelope, surface studded with ribosomes, produces various proteins

Question 31

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Answer 31

Enzymes and lipids; no not have ribosomes; synthesizes fatty acids and steroids; detoxifies certain drugs

Question 32

Golgi apparatus

Answer 32

Next to rough ER; consists of 3-20 flattened membrane sacs; modify sort, and package proteins for transport; proteins transported by various vesicles