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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Unit 1: Intro To The Human Body > Flashcards

Unit 1: Intro To The Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of body structure; cutting apart/backwards

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The science of body functions

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3
Q

Disease

A

Paths

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4
Q

Pathology

A

The study of diseases

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5
Q

Organization of the human body

A

Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, systems, human organism

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6
Q

Essential life processes

A

Metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproductive

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7
Q

Metabolism

A

Break down (catabolic) and build up (anabolic)

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8
Q

Responsiveness

A

Ability to detect and respond to changes

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9
Q

Movement

A

Any movement in cell, organ, or body; any motion

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10
Q

Growth

A

Increase in body size due to increase in cells, number or cells, or both

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11
Q

Differentiation

A

Development of a cell from unspecialized to specialized

Stem cells = blank slates

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12
Q

Reproduction

A

Formation of a new cell

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13
Q

Homeostasis

A

The condition of equilibrium in the body due to constant changes

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14
Q

Equilibrium

A

Balance

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15
Q

Feedback systems

A

Receptor, control center, effector

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16
Q

Receptor

A

Monitors changes, sends input (skin)

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17
Q

Control center

A

Receives input and forms an output command (brain/spinal cord)

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18
Q

Effector

A

Receives output command and acts on it effecting change, restores balance

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19
Q

Negative feedback

A

Reverses change, restores balance

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20
Q

Positive feedback

A

Strengthens/reinforces a change (child birth)

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21
Q

Integumentary system

A

Hair, nails, glands:

Protects body, regulates temperature, and eliminates waste through sweat glands

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22
Q

Skeletal system

A

Bones, joints:

Protection and support; houses cells that will become red and white blood cells and platelets

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23
Q

Muscular system

A

Skeletal muscles and smooth cardiac muscles:

Works with skeletal to facilitate movement/maintain posture; generates heat to maintain body temperature

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24
Q

Nervous System

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs:

Senses and responds to body conditions through nerve impulses

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25
Q

Endocrine system

A

Hormone producing cells and glands:

Regulates body by increasing hormones in the blood

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26
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Heart, blood, and blood vessels:

Carries blood/nutrients to specific locations; regulates body temperature and water balance

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27
Q

Lymphatic/immune system

A

Lymphatic fluid, lymph nodes, lymphocytes, and immune system organs like tonsils, spleen, and thymus gland:

Transports fats and proteins to the cardiovascular system; filters blood, protects against disease

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28
Q

Respiratory system

A

Upper airways, the trachea, major bronchi, and the lungs:

Extracts oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide in conjunction with the kidneys r emulates acid/base balance

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29
Q

Digestive system

A

Esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, salivary glands, gall bladder, pancreas:

Physical/chemical breakdown of food/elimination of waste

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30
Q

Urinary system

A

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra:

Involved in collection and excretion of waste in urine, regulation of fluid, electrolytes and acid/base balance

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31
Q

Reproductive system

A

Ovaries, uterus, vagina, testes, penis:

Reproduction of an individual/organism

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32
Q

Prone

A

Lying face down

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33
Q

Supine

A

Lying face up

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34
Q

Superior

A

Above/top toward the head

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35
Q

Inferior

A

Below/ bottom, away from the head

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36
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front

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37
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back

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38
Q

Ventral

A

Chest

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39
Q

Dorsal

A

Back

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40
Q

Caudad

A

Toward the tail

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41
Q

Cephalic

A

Toward the head

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42
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

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43
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

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44
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to point of origination (attachment area of limb)

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45
Q

Distal

A

Further from the point of origination (away from the point of attachment of the limb)

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46
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side of the body

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47
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite sides of the body

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48
Q

Superficial

A

Towards the surface

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49
Q

Deep

A

Toward the core of the body

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50
Q

Visceral

A

Inner covering if an organ

51
Q

Parietal

A

Covering against a cavity wall - outer

52
Q

Abdominal

A

The abdomen

53
Q

Acrominal

A

Shoulder (top)

54
Q

Antibrachial

55
Q

Antecubital

A

Front of elbow

56
Q

Auxiliary

57
Q

Brachial

58
Q

Buccal

59
Q

Calcaneal

60
Q

Carpal

61
Q

Cephalic

62
Q

Cervical

63
Q

Coccygeal

64
Q

Coxal

65
Q

Cranial

66
Q

Crural/tibial

67
Q

Cubital/olecranal

A

Back of elbow

68
Q

Cutaneous

69
Q

Digitals/phalangeals

A

Fingers/toes

70
Q

Dorsum

A

Back of hand

71
Q

Facial

72
Q

Femoral

73
Q

Flank

A

On the side between ribs and hips

74
Q

Frontal

75
Q

Gluteal

76
Q

Hallux

77
Q

I guitar

78
Q

Lumbar

79
Q

Mammary

80
Q

Manual

81
Q

Mental

82
Q

Nasal

83
Q

Occipital

A

Base/back of the skull

84
Q

Oral

85
Q

Orbital/ophthalmic/ocular

86
Q

Otic

87
Q

Palmar/volar

88
Q

Patellar

A

Front of the knee

89
Q

Pedal

90
Q

Pelvic

91
Q

Personal

A

Area between the outer genitals and anus

92
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of the foot

93
Q

Pollex

94
Q

Popliteal

A

Behind the knee

95
Q

Pubic

96
Q

Sacral

A

Between hips

97
Q

Scapular

A

Shoulder blade

98
Q

Sternal

A

Breastbone

99
Q

Supraclavicular

A

Lymph nodes found by the clavicle

100
Q

Sural

101
Q

Tarsal

102
Q

Temporal

103
Q

Thoracic

104
Q

Umbilical

105
Q

Vertebral

A

Spinal column

106
Q

Zygomatic

107
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Top/bottom

108
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

Left/right

109
Q

Frontal/coronal plane

110
Q

Transverse plane

A

Horizontal

111
Q

Dorsal cavities

A

Cranial cavity/vertebral

112
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Protects brain

113
Q

Vertebral cavity

A

Protects spinal cord

114
Q

Ventral cavities and subdivisions

A

Thoracic

 - mediastinum
 - pleural
 - pericardial

Abdominopelvic

 - abdominal
 - pelvic
115
Q

Parietal

A

Lines cavity walls

116
Q

Visceral

A

Covers organs within cavities

117
Q

Meninges

A

Membranes around brain/spinal cord

118
Q

Pleura

A

Covers lungs/walls of pleural cavity

119
Q

Pericardium

A

Covers heart/pericardial cavity walls

120
Q

Peritoneum

A

Membrane that covers abdominal organs/walls

121
Q

Diaphragm

A

Powerful skeletal muscle that divides thoracic and abdominal cavities

122
Q

Abdominal quadrants/regions

A

Right upper quadrant (RUQ) Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Right lower quadrant (RLQ) Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

123
Q

Surgical abominopelvic regions

A

Right hypochondriac region. Epicanthic region. Left hypo region
Right lumbar region. Umbilical region. Left lumbar region
Right Inguinal region. Hypo gastric region left Inguinal region

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (10 decks)

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