Unit 1: Intro To The Human Body Flashcards
Anatomy
The study of body structure; cutting apart/backwards
Physiology
The science of body functions
Disease
Paths
Pathology
The study of diseases
Organization of the human body
Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, systems, human organism
Essential life processes
Metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproductive
Metabolism
Break down (catabolic) and build up (anabolic)
Responsiveness
Ability to detect and respond to changes
Movement
Any movement in cell, organ, or body; any motion
Growth
Increase in body size due to increase in cells, number or cells, or both
Differentiation
Development of a cell from unspecialized to specialized
Stem cells = blank slates
Reproduction
Formation of a new cell
Homeostasis
The condition of equilibrium in the body due to constant changes
Equilibrium
Balance
Feedback systems
Receptor, control center, effector
Receptor
Monitors changes, sends input (skin)
Control center
Receives input and forms an output command (brain/spinal cord)
Effector
Receives output command and acts on it effecting change, restores balance
Negative feedback
Reverses change, restores balance
Positive feedback
Strengthens/reinforces a change (child birth)
Integumentary system
Hair, nails, glands:
Protects body, regulates temperature, and eliminates waste through sweat glands
Skeletal system
Bones, joints:
Protection and support; houses cells that will become red and white blood cells and platelets
Muscular system
Skeletal muscles and smooth cardiac muscles:
Works with skeletal to facilitate movement/maintain posture; generates heat to maintain body temperature
Nervous System
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs:
Senses and responds to body conditions through nerve impulses
