Unit 4 - Social Psychology and Personality Part 2 Flashcards
Anorexia Nervosa
Eating disorder characterized by an individual maintaining body weight that is well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise.
Bariatric Surgery
Type of surgery that modifies the gastrointestinal system to reduce the amount of food that can be eaten and/or limiting how much of the digested food can be absorbed.
Basolateral Complex
Part of the brain with dense connections with a variety of sensory areas of the brain; it is critical for classical conditioning and attaching emotional value to memory.
Binge Eating Disorder
Type of eating disorder characterized by binge eating and associated distress.
Bulimia Nervosa
Type of eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging.
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Physiological arousal and emotional experience occur at the same time.
Central Nucleus
Part of the brain involved in attention and has connections with the hypothalamus and various brainstem areas to regulate the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems’ activity.
Cognitive-Mediational Theory
Emotions determined by appraisal of the stimulus.
Components of Emotion
Physiological arousal, psychological appraisal, and subjective experience.
Cultural Display Rule
One of the culturally specific standards that govern the types and frequencies of emotions that are acceptable.
Distorted Body Image
Individuals view themselves as overweight even though they are not.
Drive Theory
Deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and ultimately bring the system back to homeostasis.
Extrinsic Motivation
Motivation that arises from external factors or rewards.
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
Facial expressions are capable of influencing our emotions.
Hierarchy of Needs
Spectrum of needs ranging from basic biological needs to social needs to self-actualization.
Intrinsic Motivation
Motivation based on internal feelings rather than external rewards.
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Emotions arise from physiological arousal.
Leptin
Satiety hormone.
Polygraph
Lie detector test that measures physiological arousal of individuals as they answer a series of questions.
Refractory Period
Time immediately following an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm.
Resolution
Phase of the sexual response cycle following orgasm during which the body returns to its unaroused state.
Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory of Emotion
Emotions consist of two factors: physiological and cognitive.
Self-Efficacy
Individual’s belief in their own capabilities or capacities to complete a task.
Set Point Theory
Assertion that each individual has an ideal body weight, or set point, that is resistant to change.
Sexual Response Cycle
Divided into 4 phases including excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, while complex tasks are best performed when arousal is lower.
Anal Stage
Psychosexual stage in which children experience pleasure in their bowel and bladder movements.
Analytical Psychology
Jung’s theory focusing on the balance of opposing forces within one’s personality and the significance of the collective unconscious
Archetype
Pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies.
Collective Consciousness
Common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next.
Congruence
State of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.
Contemporized-Themes Concerning Blacks Test (C-TCB)
Projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African Americans, using images that relate to African-American culture.
Defense Mechanism
Unconscious protective behaviors designed to reduce ego anxiety.
Displacement
Ego defense mechanism in which a person transfers inappropriate urges or behaviors toward a more acceptable or less threatening target.
Ego
Aspect of personality that represents the self, or the part of one’s personality that is visible to others.
Five-Factor Model
Theory that personality is composed of five factors, including openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
Genital Stage
Psychosexual stage in which the focus is on mature sexual interests.
Heritability
Proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.
Id
Aspect of personality that consists of our most primitive drives or urges, including impulses for hunger, thirst, and sex.
Incongruence
State of being in which there is a great discrepancy between our real and ideal selves.
Individual Psychology
School of psychology proposed by Adler that focuses on our drive to compensate for feelings of inferiority.
Inferiority Complex
Refers to a person’s feelings that they lack worth and don’t measure up to others’ or to society’s standards.
Latency Period
Psychosexual stage in which sexual feelings are dormant.
Locus of Control
Beliefs about the power we have over our lives; an external locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an internal locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes.
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Personality test composed of a series of true/false questions in order to establish a clinical profile of an individual.
Neurosis
Tendency to experience negative emotions.
Oral Stage
Psychosexual stage in which an infant’s pleasure is focused on the mouth.
Phallic Stage
Psychosexual stage in which the focus is on the genitals.
Projection
Ego defense mechanism in which a person confronted with anxiety disguises their unacceptable urges or behaviors by attributing them to other people.
Projective Test
Personality assessment in which a person responds to ambiguous stimuli, revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires.
Psychosexual Stages of Development
Stages of child development in which a child’s pleasure-seeking urges are focused on specific areas of the body called erogenous zones.
Rationalization
Ego defense mechanism in which a person confronted with anxiety makes excuses to justify behavior.
Reaction Formation
Ego defense mechanism in which a person confronted with anxiety swaps unacceptable urges or behaviors for their opposites.
Reciprocal Determinism
Belief that one’s environment can determine behavior, but at the same time, people can influence the environment with both their thoughts and behaviors.
Regression
Ego defense mechanism in which a person confronted with anxiety returns to a more immature behavioral state.
Repression
Ego defense mechanism in which anxiety-related thoughts and memories are kept in the unconscious.
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Projective test that employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person’s unconscious desires, fears, and struggles.
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank (RISB)
Projective test that is similar to a word association test in which a person completes sentences in order to reveal their unconscious desires, fears, and struggles.
Selective Migration
Concept that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs.
Self-Concept
Thoughts and feelings about self.
Self-Efficacy
Level of confidence in one’s abilities
Social-Cognitive Theory
Bandura’s theory of personality that emphasizes both cognition and learning as sources of individual differences in personality.
Sublimination
Ego defense mechanism in which unacceptable urges are channeled into more appropriate activities.
Superego
Aspect of the personality that serves as one’s moral compass, or conscience.
TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test
Projective test designed to be culturally relevant to minority groups, especially Hispanic youths, using images and storytelling that relate to minority culture.
Temperament
How a person reacts to the world, including their activity level, starting when they are very young.
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Projective test in which people are presented with ambiguous images, and they then make up stories to go with the images in an effort to uncover their unconscious desires, fears, and struggles.
