Introduction to Psychology

Question 1

William Wundt

Answer 1

First psychologist.

Question 2

Introspection

Answer 2

The process by which an individual examines their mind in the most objective way possible.

Question 3

Structuralism

Answer 3

Developed by a student of Wundt. Focused on the contents of mental processes rather than their function.

Question 4

William James

Answer 4

Founder of Functionalism.

Question 5

Functionalism

Answer 5

The study of how mental processes allow an organism to survive in its environment, based on Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. Focused on the mind as a whole, rather than in parts, as seen in structuralism.

Question 6

Sigmund Freud

Answer 6

The developer of the psychoanalytic theory.

Question 7

Psychoanalytic Theory

Answer 7

Focuses on the role of a person’s unconscious. Was the most influential psychological thought for decades.

Question 8

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 8

Although sensory stimuli can be broken into many parts, it is the interaction between these parts that determine someone’s perception.

Question 9

Behaviorism

Answer 9

Psychology is limited to observable phenomena, so should be limited to behavior - stimuli and responses.

Question 10

Humanist Perspective

Answer 10

Stressed individual choice and free will

Question 11

Biopsychology

Answer 11

Explains psychology through strictly biological means

Question 12

Evolutionary/Darwinian Perspective

Answer 12

Examines psychology through evolution.

Question 13

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 13

Believes that how an individual views the world is important to psychology (eg. Extroversion may be an effect of interpretation of social events. Extroversion may seem like the personality trait that makes sense.)

Question 14

Social-cultural Perspective

Answer 14

Examines the influence culture has on psychology.

Question 15

Mary Whiton Calkins

Answer 15

Studied with William James and became president of the APA.

Question 16

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 16

First woman to earn a PhD in psychology.

Question 17

G. Stanley Hall

Answer 17

Pioneer of the study of child development and the first president of the APA.

Question 18

Max Wertheimer

Answer 18

Prominent Gestalt Psychologist.

Question 19

John B. Watson

Answer 19

Founder of behaviorism based off of Pavlov’s conditioning experiments.

Question 20

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 20

Conducted famous conditioning experiments with dogs.

Question 21

B.F. Skinner

Answer 21

Expanded on behaviorism by adding the concept of reinforcement.

Question 22

Abraham Maslow

Answer 22

Humanist psychologist.

Question 23

Carl Rogers

Answer 23

Humanist psychologist

Question 24

Charles Darwin

Answer 24

Theory of Evolution

Question 25

Jean Piaget

Answer 25

Cognitive psychologist, cognitive development theory.

Question 26

Eclectic

Answer 26

Combination of many perspectives (most common in contemporary times)

Question 27

Biopsychosocial Model

Answer 27

Biology, psychology, and social factors determine the health of an individual.

Question 28

Clinical Psychology

Answer 28

Deals with the diagnostic and treatment of psychological disorders.

Question 29

Counselling Psychology

Answer 29

Area of psychology that focuses on improving emotional, social, vocational, and other aspects of the lives of psychologically healthy individuals

Question 30

Dissertation

Answer 30

A long research paper about research that was conducted as a part of the candidate’s doctoral training

Question 31

Empirical method

Answer 31

A method for acquiring knowledge based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities

Question 32

Forensic Psychology

Answer 32

An area of psychology that applies the science and practice of psychology to issues within and related to the justice system

Question 33

“Ology”

Answer 33

Suffix for “scientific study of”, eg. psychology.

Question 34

Postdoctoral Training Program

Answer 34

Allows young scientists to further develop their research programs and broaden their research skills under the supervision of other professionals in the field

Question 35

Sport and Exercise Psychology

Answer 35

Focuses on the interactions between the mind and physical activities.