Unit 4 Review Flashcards
What is a capsule?
Oblong, gelatin containers filled with medications
What type of inactive ingredients might be in a capsule?
diluents, disintegrants, and preservatives
What are gelcaps/liquid softgels?
Capsules with liquid inside
How are capsules taken?
Most capsules are swallowed whole but some can be opened and sprinkled on food or in beverages.
How are tablets made?
Tablets are made by compression
What type of inactive ingredients are in tablets?
binders, diluent, disintegrant, and lubricating agents
What does (SCT) stand for?
standard compressed tablet (SCT)
What does (MCT) stand for?
multiple compressed tablets (MCT)
Whats a tablet shaped like a capsule called?
Caplet
What is the purpose of a score on a tablet?
To show a tablet can be split
Whats the purpose of a coated tablet?
To prevent it from dissolving in the stomach
What are three types of tablet coating?
Enteric, film, and buffered coatings
What warning must be included with all coated tablets?
Do not split, chew, or crush auxilliary label
What is a pill?
a paste rolled between first thumb and finger then dried
How do you take a buccal tablet?
You put it in beween cheek and gum and dissolve slowly in mouth
How do you take sublingual tablets?
place it under the tongue and let dissolve
What does (ODT) stand for?
Orally disintegrating tablets
How do you take ODT medication?
place on top of tongue and let dissolve
What warning must be included with Effervescent tablets?
Do not chew or swall whole
How do you take Effervescent Tablets?
Dissolve in water then drink. Absorbed thru the GI tract
Whats another name for lozenges?
Troches
What warning must you include with Lozenges?
Do not chew or swallow whole
How do you take thin strips?
dissolve in mouth. Either on top of tongue, sublingually or bucally depending on medication
What are thin strips called?
Small films
How do you take powders and what are they?
Granules that you place on top of the tongue then wash down with liquid
What warning is required for time release capsules/tablets?
Do not split, chew, or cursh
What are the names for extended releases capsules/tablets?
LA (long-acting), TR (timed-release), SA (sustained-action), ER (extended-release), SR(sustained release)
Are different dosage forms therapeutically equivalent? and why is that the case?
Dosage forms can affect the way the medication is absorbed and available to the body.
What is reconstitution?
When water or another diluent is added to a powder to make it into a solution or suspension.
What are oral syringes good for?
Good for measuring small, exact amounts
What are dosing cups good for?
Good for medications that don’t require precise small amounts
What are the characteristics of a Solution?
Solute is completely dissolved in a solvent. Often clear and transparent.
What are the characteristics of a suspension?
solid particles dispersed but not fully dissolved. cloudy and colored. often contains thickening agent. added shake well auxiliary label
What are the characteristics of an elixir?
clear, sweetened, flavored, hydroalcoholic mixtures.
When are elixirs used?
when a drug doesn’t dissolve in water alone
What is hydroalcoholic?
A solution in which the solvent is a mixture of water and alcohol
What are the characteristics of spirits?
Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances. Contains high percentage of alcohol. Stored in tight, light resistant containers.
What are the characteristics of a syrup?
Concentrated solution of sugar in water. May or may not contain active ingredients. Usually contains little to no alcohol.
What are tinctures?
alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable extract.
What are fluid extracts?
Liquid extracts of vegetable drugs that contain alcohol as a solvent. Contain a higher amount of alcohol and are more potent than tinctures.
What is a parenteral dosage form?
Any drug or fluid that is injected into the body. Usually through a needle?
What does Intravenous mean?
Injected into a vain
What is a large volume preps?
contains greater than 250ml of liquid. Usually dispensed in IV bags.
What are small-volume preps
Contain less than 250ml of liquid. usually dispensed in minibags and piggybacked to primary IV
What is an IV push?
medication in a vial or syringe that will be injected into the primary IV line.
What is an isotonic solution?
A solution with the same number of dissolved particles as blood.
What is a Hypertonic solution?
A solution with a greater number of dissolved particles than blood.
What is a hypotonic solution?
A solution with a fewer number of dissolved particles than blood.
What are the range of need needle lengths for IM injections in adults, infant/kids & obese patients?
Most adults 5/8 to 1.5 inch, infants/kids 5/8 to 1.25 inch, obese patients 1.5 inch
What are the range of need needle lengths for SC injections in adults, infant/kids, very thin & obese patients?
Most adults 5/8 or lower, infant/kids 3/16 to 5/16, obese patients 5/8 inch, very thin patient 3/16 to 5/16 inch
What range of gauges is acceptable for IM injections?
Most medications 23-27 gauge, oily medication 18-23
What is the acceptable range of gauges for SC injections?
Most medications 23-27
What are ointments and what are they good for?
Oil-based, greasy, semisolid preparation. Good for Dry, scaly areas. Oily coating left on skin helps drug effects last longer.
What are creams and what are they good for?
Semisolid emulsions of oil, water, and active ingredients. Better absorbed than ointments. Good for weeping or oozing skin conditions.
What are lotions and what are they good for?
Thinner than creams, more watery. Easily applied over large areas. Good for hairy areas of the body.
What are gels and what are they good for?
semisolid preparation that contains very small solid particles that are suspeneded in a liquid. Appear as solid, jelly-like substance. Doesn’t leave residue and may provide cooling sensation
What are collodions and what are they good for?
Highly flammable mixture in which the active ingredient is dissolved in alcohol and ether. Dries as flexible film on the skin.
What are liniments and what are they good for?
Liquid mixtures of various substances in an oil emulsion or alcoholic solution of soap. Used to relieve achy muscles and joint pain. Must be rubbed in with friction. Should not be applied on broken or damaged skin.
What are pastes and what are they good for?
Aren’t well absorbed into skin. Used to provide protective layer to affected area.
What is the grams in a fingertip unit?
0.5 grams
What are the finger tip unit amounts for different body parts?
2 fingertip units = 1g (adult foot)
3 fingertip units = 1.5g (adult arm)
6 fingertip units = 3g (adult leg)
What are the 2 types of transdermal patches?
Reservoir patch = Drug is in a liquid reservoir inside the patch | Matrix Patch = Drug is built into a solid matrix layer which is applied directly to skin after protective layer is removed.
What are the forms of ophthalmic dosages?
Solutions, suspensions, and ointments
What are the Otic dosage forms?
Solutions and suspensions
What is a metered dose inhaler?
Uses a propellant (HFA) to carry drug into the lungs. Patients must press canister down while inhaling deeply and slowly through mouth.
