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M.H.R School Of Nursing > Unit 4 Oral Medication > Flashcards

Unit 4 Oral Medication Flashcards

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1
Q

Cardinal Rules of Medication Administration

A

Always –>Ten-rights; 3 checks
NEVER–> admin a med you did not prepare
YOU are legally liable if you cause harm to a pt from medication you administer

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2
Q

Characteristics

A

Absorbed mainly in the small intestine
Slower onset
Prescription in higher doses than parental route
NEVER direcly touch oral meds

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3
Q

Advantages/ Benefits of Oral Medication

A

Most Common, Least Expensive, Most Convient

Decreased risk for infection (does not break skin barrier)

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4
Q

Disadvantages

A

Unpleasant taste
Irritation of gastric mucosa
Irregular/ slow absorption
Stains teeth

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5
Q

Contraindicated (inappropriate) for

Oral Medications

A 
N/V
NPO
Can't Swallow/ Dysphagia 
Unconscious 
Potential for aspiration
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6
Q

Alterations in Absorption (po)

A

food in stomach
Rate of Gastric Emptying
slow gastric empty –> prolongs absorption
increase gastric empt –>decrease absorption

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7
Q

Gastric Suctioning

A
  • med withheld/ give by alt. route

- may (w/ order) give this route and hold suction for (20-30 MINS)

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8
Q

Changes in the Elderly that affect response

A 
Decreased LIVER & KIDNEY function 
Decreased gastric mobility, acid production, blood flow to GI -->impaired absorption
Decreased Protein Binding Sites
Multiple drugs
Increased Adipose Tissue
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9
Q

The decreased number of Protein Binding Sites

A

Alters the blood-brain barrier–> Fat soluble drugs reach brain –> dizziness and confusion

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10
Q

Increased body fat–> decreased total body fluid =

A

drug toxicity (more easily)

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11
Q

Solid Froms of Oral Medications

A

Tablets
Capsules
Lozenges
Powders

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12
Q

Tablets

A

Powered medications &/or other substances compressed into hard disks

May be scored,crushed –> easier swallowing

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13
Q

Coated Tablets

A

NEVER broken, crushed, chewed
Protects against environment/ Conceals bitter taste
Delays absorption until intestines (Enteric Coated)
Prevents damage to gastric mucosa

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14
Q

Chewable Tablets

A

Contains flavoring, sweeteners
ALWAYS follow with H20 –> dissolve & absorb
Good for pt who can’t swallow intact dose

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15
Q

Effervescent Tablets

A

disintegration in solution
Rapid onset action
Ex: antacids & analgesics

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16
Q

Time Released

A

Released & absorbed gradually (in stages)
Pt take fewer pills per day
Do NOT crush, chew, or break open

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17
Q

Capsules

A

solid dose form of powder, liquid or oil

1+ meds &/or inert substances incased in small shell

Gelatinous material that dissolves in GI tract

Colored to aid in identification

18
Q

Gelatinous Material that dissolves in GI Tract

A

Capsules

19
Q

Soft Capsules

A

CAN be opened and mixed with soft foods

Make sure pt gets COMPLETE Dose

20
Q

Hard Capsules

A

Contain Drugs that irritate mouth & esophagus

NEVER break/ open

21
Q

Sustained Release

A

SR in name
NEVER break/ open
Gradual release of drug over time

22
Q

Lozenges or Troche:

A

Designed to be placed in mouth
Flat, round dosage from containing drug
Flavored sugar and mucilage

23
Q

Powders

A

Mixed in Liquids
Come in large quantities/dispensed per dose ordered
Mix in 15ml to aid absorption

24
Q

Types of Liquids

A 
Syrups
Solution
Suspensions
Elixirs
Tinctures
25
Q

Syrups

A 
Sugar, water, + flavor
NOT FOR DIABETICS
1* children and adults with dysphagia
Soothes irritated mucus membrane
Usually ordered by the teaspoon (1tsp=5ml)
26
Q

Solutions

A

Given orally, parentally, or externally

Must Be STERILE if given parentally

27
Q

Suspensions

A

liquid and solid mixture in which solid particles are not dissolved; particles will settle out

28
Q

Types of Suspensions

A

Magmas
Gels
Emulsions

29
Q

Magmas

A

Thick, milky

Type of Suspension

30
Q

Gels

A

Small suspended particles

Type of Suspension

31
Q

Emulsions

A

mixture of oil & water with agents that keep droplets suspended

SPECIAL CARE TO PREVENT ASPIRATION

Type of Suspensions

32
Q

Elixirs

A

Med dissolved in ALCOHOL and WATER, &/or sweetener

CAUTION: NOT FOR Alcoholic

May dilute with small amount of H20

33
Q

Tinctures

A

More potent Elixir

Oral or Topical

34
Q

Sublingual Oral Medication

A

Under Tongue
Dissolved/ ABSORBED via MUCOUS MEMBRANE
IMMEDIATE absorption by surrounding blood supply
NOT CHEWED OR SWALLOWED

35
Q

Buccal Medication

A 
Between cheek & gum or under upper lip
Dissolved/ absorb. via MUCOUS MEMBRANE
IMMEDIATE absorption by surrounding bld supply
Local/ systemic action 
Not often used
36
Q

Purpose of Administering Oral Medication

A

Provide Medicine that has systemic/ local effect on G.I. TRACT

37
Q

Assessments for Administering Oral Medication

A
  1. Allergies
  2. Ability to Swallow
  3. Vomiting & Diarrhea
  4. Specific Drug Actions ( Side effects, interactions, adverse reactions)
  5. Pt’s Knowledge
  6. Lab values, vital signs specific to medication
38
Q

3 checks

A
  1. when removed from drawer
  2. pouring into med cup
  3. at bedside

LOCK MED CART– DO NOT LEAVE UNLOCKED

39
Q

Administering Tablets

A

Place into Med Cup
DO NOT remove from wrapper until at bedside
If stock med, place correct dose in cup
**Keep Narcotics, meds that require v/s separate
If difficulty swallowing, crush/ mix pill with soft food

40
Q

Preparing Liquids

A 
Mix Med 
Lay Cap up to prevent contamination 
Measure prescribed dose 
Pour from UNLABELED SIDE of bottle
At EYE LEVEL-- BOTTOM of Meniscus 
Rx Syringe 
Set on flat surface to check accuracy --> pour excess out --NOT BACK INTO BOTTLE
DO NOT leave pour med unattended 
NEVER USE DROPER FROM ANOTHER MED

M.H.R School Of Nursing (32 decks)

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