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M.H.R School Of Nursing > N202 Unit 6 Part 2 TBI > Flashcards

N202 Unit 6 Part 2 TBI Flashcards

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1
Q

periorbital bruising

A

raccoon eyes

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2
Q

halo sign

A

clear draining that separates from bloody drainage (presence of CSF)

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3
Q

bruising of the peri-auricular (behind the ear) area

A

battle signs

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4
Q

Tx of Communicated & Compound Skull Fx

A

debride, abx, and crainioplasty prn

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5
Q

linear fx at base of skull, frequently crosses the sinus & tears the dura → leakage of the blood &/or CSF

A

Basilar skull fxu

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6
Q

With Basilar skull fx do NOT

A

pack the nose or the ear
blow nose
suction drainage

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7
Q

tearing of the brain tissue

A

Laceration

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8
Q

bruising of brain tissue

A

Contusion

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9
Q

Contusion of the brain stem–>

A

coma

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10
Q

Bleeding btwn dura mater & arachnoid layer

A

Subdural hematoma

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11
Q

3 types of Subdural hematomas

A

acute
subacute
chronic

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12
Q

Leading cause of TBI

A

Falls

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13
Q

moving object hits a stationary head.

A

Acceleration

only pt of contact that is injured

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14
Q

moving head strikes a stationary object

A

Deceleration

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15
Q

most common w/ MVA

A

Acceleration-deceleration

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16
Q

70% of all Skull Fx

A

Linear

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17
Q

Straight ln/ crack in the skull.

A

Linear

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18
Q

Tx for Linear Skull Fx

A

often bedrest

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19
Q

hematoma btwn skull & upper surface of dura

A

Epidural hematoma

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20
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

neurologic emergency

Can cause Death

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21
Q

Bleeding btwn dura mater & arachnoid layer

A

Subdural hematoma

22
Q

3 Types of Subdural Hematoma

A

Acute
Subacute
Chronic

23
Q

Acute Subdural Hematoma

A

S/S w/in 48h
drowsy & confused
Ipsilateral pupil dilates/ fixed.

24
Q

Subdural Hematoma occurs w/in 2-14d; may have failure to regain conciseness

A

Subacute

25
Q

Subacute Subdural Hematoma

A

2-14d

Failure to regain consciousness may be an indicator.

26
Q

Late sign hypoglycemia

A

seizure, EKG changes

27
Q

prevent alcohol S&S of W/D

A

Benzodiazepines

28
Q

Dilantin, Phenobarb

A

Anticonvulsants

29
Q

Seizures increase

A

cerebral metabolic rate, CBF, CBV (cerebral blood volume)

30
Q

Tx of acute hypoglycemic episode in Unconscious Pt

A

Assess airway
Glucagon SQ, Amp D50 IV
Always follow institutional policy

31
Q

Tx acute hypoglycemic episode in conscious its

A

PO Glucagon

Always follow institutional policy

32
Q 
rapid onset
Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia 
Kussmaul Respirations 
ketones present
metabolic acidosis 
BS (~600mg/dl)
A

DKA

33
Q

Goal of tx of DKA

A

Decrease BS by 50 mg/dl/hr

34
Q

Epidural hematomas most frequently occur

A

in the area of the temporal bone d/t the presence of the middle meningeal artery

35
Q

s/s w/in 48h

Ipsilateral pupil dilates & becomes fixed.

A

acute subdural hematoma

36
Q

Cluster Breathing

A

Upper Medulla

37
Q

Biots breathing, depressed respirations, or gasping breaths

A

Medulla lesions

38
Q

Apneustic breathing

A

lesions of lower pons

39
Q

Central neurogenic hyperventilation

A

lesions in lower midbrain to midpons area

40
Q

Cheyne-stokes

A

lesions deep inside the cerebral hemispheres & basal ganglia

41
Q

Tracrium, Pavulon, Succinylcholine

A

Neuromuscular blockades

42
Q

Ativan, Versed, Propofol (Diprivan), Morphine, Haldol

A

Analgesia

43
Q

Pressure/Volume

A

Elastance

brain’s ability to accommodate changes in volume

44
Q

Volume/Pressure

A

Compliance

45
Q

amt of bld passing through brain tissue in one minute

A

CBF

~750ml blood/min

46
Q

talk and die

A

epidural hematoma

47
Q

bleeding btwn the skull and dura

A

epidural hematoma

48
Q

Sudden transient mechanical head injury with disruption of neural activity & change in LOC. (NO STRUCTURAL DAMAGE)

A

Concussion

49
Q

Widespread axonal damage–> axons are broken, attempt to repair, massive proliferation, → scaring.

A

dai

50
Q 
Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF)
Cerebral  Blood Volume (CBV)
Intraabdominal & intrathoracic pressure
Posture 
Blood gases (CO2 levels)- affect CBF
A

influence ICP

M.H.R School Of Nursing (32 decks)

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