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M.H.R School Of Nursing > Pain > Flashcards

Pain Flashcards

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1
Q

Carry Pain

A

Small Diameter Fibers

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2
Q

Inhibit Transmission of Pain Impulses

Carry non-painful stimuli

A

Large Fibers

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3
Q

NOCICEPTION

A

Physiological processes related to pain perception

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4
Q

4 parts of Nociception

A
  1. Transduction
  2. Transmission
  3. Perception
  4. Modulation
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5
Q

Transduction

A

1st step in experience of pain

  • Nociceptors activated by exposure to noxious stimuli (mechanical, chemical, or thermal)
  • Nociceptors spark electrical impulse that is conducted along nerve
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6
Q

3 segments of Transmission

A
  1. Pain impulse travels from peripheral nerve to spinal cord
  2. Transmission from spinal cord and ascension to brain stem and thalamus
  3. Transmission of signal between thalamus to somatic sensory cortex, where pain perception occurs
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7
Q

2 parts of the pain assessment

A
  1. Pain History (Subjective)
  2. Observation (Objective)
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8
Q

unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or it is described in terms of such damage

A

International Association for the Study of Pain

(def of pain)

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9
Q

drug injected into nerve pathway

blocks transmission of impulse

A

Nerve block

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10
Q

Cordotomy

A

last resort for intractable pain

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11
Q

usually on cervical nerve roots

A

Rhizotomy

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12
Q

used to reverse effects of narcotics

A

NARCAN

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13
Q

Rectal

A
  • Suppository
  • Good for patients with nausea/vomiting
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14
Q

Common Side Effects of Opioids

A
  • Constipation
  • N/V
  • Sedation
  • Respiratory depression
  • Pruritus
  • Urinary retention
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15
Q

Pain

A
  • complex phenomena with NO simple definition
  • Highly subjective –Individual & Personal
  • difficult to assess
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16
Q

4 Categories of Pain

A
  1. Location
  2. Duration
  3. Intensity
  4. Underlying mechanism

most patients do not fit neatly in single category

17
Q

Acute Pain

A
  • Begins suddenly
  • Usually sharp
  • mild to severe
  • moment to 6 months
  • Relieved when underlying cause eliminate

If unrelieved, may become chronic

18
Q

Chronic Pain

A
  • Prolonged duration
  • Interferes with functioning
  • Recurrent/ longer than 6 months
  • Persists when injury has healed
  • May have w/o injury or evidence of damage
19
Q

Intractable pain

A
  • Resistant to relief
  • Difficult to relieve
  • Try multiple interventions
  • Affects quality of life

can’t treat on own…. Interferes with ADL

20
Q

Nociceptive Pain

A

Most pt’s, manageable

  • Intact, functioning nervous system
  • signal that tissues are damaged
  • Requires attention and proper care
21
Q

Subcategories of Nociceptive Pain

A
  1. Somatic Pain
  2. Visceral Pain
22
Q

Somatic Pain

A

intensity and location match type and extent of injury

  • Originates in skin, muscles, bone
  • Highly organized
23
Q

Visceral Pain

A
  • Activation of nerve fibers from **organs or hollow viscera
  • Poorly localized**
  • Cramping, throbbing, aching
  • Associated with diaphoresis or nausea
24
Q

Neuropathic Pain

A
  • Damaged/ malfunctioning nerves
  • Difficult to treat
  • Burning, electric shock, tingling, dull, aching
25
Q

3 Types of Neuropathic Pain

A
  1. Peripheral
  2. Central
  3. Sympathetically Maintained
26
Q

Peripheral Neuropathy

A

– Pain felt along peripheral nerves
– Diabetic neuropathy Peripheral Neuropathy

27
Q

Central Neuropathic Pain

A
  • Caused by lesion or dysfunction of CNS
  • Post-stroke pain
  • MS
28
Q

Sympathetically Maintained Pain

A

Abnormal connections between pain fibers and sympathetic nervous system

Becomes chronic and neuropathic

Phantom limb pain

29
Q

Hyperalgesia

A

heightened response to painful stimuli

Severe pain from paper cut

30
Q

Allodynia

A

nonpainful stimuli produce pain

Contact with wind, linens

31
Q

Dysesthesia

A

unpleasant abnormal sensation, there are bugs under my skin, my skin is on fire

32
Q

5 dimensions of pain

A
  1. Physiologic
  2. Sensory
  3. Affective
  4. Behavioral
  5. Cognitive
33
Q

Transmission

3 segments

A
  1. Pain impulse travels from peripheral nerve to spinal cord
  2. Transmission from spinal cord and ascension to brain stem and thalamus
  3. Transmission of signal between thalamus to somatic sensory cortex, where pain perception occurs
34
Q

Perception

A
  • become conscious of pain
  • Opiates work well here
  • shapes character, intensity, and meaning of pain to individual
35
Q

Three key factors of preception

A
  1. Threshold: point which identifies pain
  2. Distractibility: degree can ignore pain
  3. Tolerance: point at which act to stop pain
36
Q

Modulation

A
  • Descending system
  • Neurons in thalamus and brainstem send signals down spinal cord
  • Neurons release substances (Endogenous opioids) inhibit pain impulses
37
Q

Endogenous opioids

A

serotonin, norepinephrine

M.H.R School Of Nursing (32 decks)

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