IV Therapy

Question 0

Crystalloid

Answer 0

Non-colloid (salts), electrolyte solution (w/ potential to form crystals)

Restore vascular volume

Example- Normal Saline (NS 0.9%)

Question 1

Central venous catheter (CVC)

Answer 1

Central line
Catheter inserted into centrally located vein
Usually subclavian***
Line

Question 2

Portacath

Answer 2

Implanted Ports
Surgically placed under skin -> assess vascular system internally
SINGLE SIGHT to inject medications, fluids or take blood samples
Used for months; tunnel cancer unit

Question 3

Peripherally Inserted Central Canal (PICC)

Answer 3

• Performed by specialized Nurse
• catheter threaded through peripheral vein to the Superior Vena Cava
• make sure to check under sleeve
• up to 6 weeks

Question 4

Vascular Access Device (VAD)

Answer 4

Catheters, cannulas, or infusion ports

Designed for long term repeated assess to vascular system

Question 5

Extravasation

Answer 5

(vesicant solution) administered into surrounding tissue
Capable of ->tissue injury/ destruction ( blistering of skin)

Examples: chemo meds, pressor agents (dopamine), K+Cl-, Zosyn, dilantent

Question 6

Infiltration

Answer 6

NONvesicant admin. into surrounding tissue

Swelling, puffy, leaking at puncture site

Question 7

Delayed extravasation

Answer 7

S/s 48+ hrs post med admin

Question 8

S/s of Septicemia

Answer 8

Gradual/ sudden rise in T
Shaking chills
Tachycardia 
HA
Gastric symptoms 
CAN -> SEPTIC SHOCK

Question 9

Tx of Septicemia

Answer 9

Relocate IV site using different lot # for ALL medical equipment used

Collect and culture specimen

Question 10

Air embolism

Answer 10

Air inadvertently enters venous system

More frequent w/ central lines

Question 11

Tx Air Embolism

Answer 11

• Place pt on LEFT side w/ HOB flat - trap air in rt atrium
• Administer 100% O2
• Cariocentesis may be required to aspirate air

Question 12

ICF

Answer 12

Intracellular fluid
2/3 body’s water weight
Kept in cells by proteins

Question 13

Interstitial

Answer 13

Fluid between cells/ surrounds cells

Question 14

ECF

Answer 14

Extracellular Fluids
1/3 water weight
Includes Intravascular, Interstitial, Transcellular, &Lymph

Question 15

Serum osmolarity

Answer 15

Concentration of body fluids
Normal range 280-300mOsm/kg
Glucose = major determinant

Question 16

Fluid intake/ output

Answer 16

General I/O a day (2500mL)

Ht, wt, gender impact rate of fluid

Question 17

PICC is good for

Answer 17

~six weeks