Unit 4- Male Reproductive Flashcards
Cryptorchidism
Incomplete descent of the testes, hypoplasia and lack of spermatogenesis
Normal testicular descent
By birth or by 3 months in dogs
Dog Cryptorchid Neoplasia
Sertoli cell tumor and seminoma
Horse Cryptorchid Neoplasia
Seminoma and Teratoma
Testicular Hypoplasia
Testes failing to grow to normal size after puberty, caused by cryptorchidism or reduced production of LH and FSH, no spermatogenesis
Klinefelter’s Syndrome
XXY tricholor male cat with testicular hypoplasia
Testicular Atrophy
Reduce in size after puberty, most common cause of infertility, small and firm but epididymis is normal or enlarged
Cause of Testicular Atrophy
Trauma, loss of blood flow, age, chemotherapy, epididymitis, scrotal disease, hormone, neoplasia
Hypoplasia vs Atrophy
Hypoplastic testicle is small and freely movable with small epididymis, atrophic testicle is small and firm and attached to scrotal wall, epididymis is normal and regeneration is possible
Orchitis
Associated with epididymitis, hematogenous, direct penetration, ascending infection, or peritoneal spread
Hematogenous Orchitis
Brucella abortus in bulls
Ascending Orchitis
E. coli
Peritoneal Orchitis
FIP, glasser’s disease in cats
Epididymal Segmental Aplasia/Hypoplasia
body and tail of epididymis in bull, unilateral, can cause secondary testicular degeneration, sperm impaction
Spermatic Granuloma
Granulomatous response to epidiymal rupture and spermatozoa in interstitium, congentially due to blind-end deferent ductules in epididymal head
Epididymitis
Unilateral, leads to testicular degeneration
Noninfectious Epididymitis
Trauma, obstructions with secondary spermatic granuloma
Infectious Epididymitis
AScending from Actinobacillus, H somni, or hematogenous from Brucella
Testicular Tumors
More common in dog, sometimes in horse, mostly benign, sertoli cell tumor, leydig tumor, or germ cell tumor
Interstitial Cell Tumor
Leydig cells, tan-orange, well demarcated, soft, and spherical, common with cyst and hemorrhage
Sertoli Cell Tumor
Firm, white, multilobulated, most common in cryptorchid canine
Sertoli Cell Tumor Clinical Signs
Produce estrogen, gynecomastia, penile and testicular atrophy, loss of libido, alopecia and hyperpigmentation, bone marrow suppression, squamous metaplasia in prostate
Seminoma
Germinal cells in seminiferous tubules, glistening and soft, multicentric, more invasive with possible metastasis
Teratoma
Germ cell tumor, young cryptorchid stallions, large, solid, benign, have hair, bone, mucus, and teeth
Variocele
Dilation of spermatic veins in pampiniform plexus, older rams, common thrombosis, affect thermoregulation and lead to degeneration
Spermatic Cord Torsion
Testicles with neoplasms or cryptorchid
Funisitis
Spermatic cord inflammation, contamination of castration wounds
Vesicular Adenitits
Seminal vesicles infected, chronic form is enlarged and firm, common in bull, diagnosed by rectal palpation
Prostatitis
Older intact dogs, prostatic hyperplasia, ascending infection, hematogenous Brucella infection, can lead to UTI and constipation
Prostatic Neoplasia
Prostatic epithelium or urethral epithelium in old dogs, asymmetric, metastasize to bone
Equine Herpesvirus 3
Equine coital exanthema, ulcerative balanoposthitis
Bovine Herpesvirus 1
Infectious balanoposthtis
Corynebacterium renale
Castrated rams urinate in prepuce, urea in urine broken down by bacteria, ammonia causes ulcerative posthitis
Habronemiasis
Granulomatous balanoposthitis in horse
Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Sheath and penis of older horses, can arise from previous papilloma from equine papillomavirus 2, tumors and ulceration
Fibropailloma
Young bulls, bovine papillomavirus 1 and, mass on surface, spontaneous regression
