Unit 2- Hematopoietic System

Question 1

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Answer 1

Sites of lymphocyte development; thymus, bursa, peyer’s patches, bone marrow

Question 2

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Answer 2

Sites where lymphocytes respond to antigens; tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes, peyer’s patches, bone marrow

Question 3

Red Marrow

Answer 3

Hematopoietic tissue, regresses throughout life

Question 4

Yellow Marrow

Answer 4

Mainly fat

Question 5

Locations of Hematopoiesis

Answer 5

Flat and long bones

Question 6

Erythropoiesis

Answer 6

Erythropoietin from kidney and liver stimulates development of RBCs and loss of nuclei

Question 7

Myelopoiesis

Answer 7

Granulopoiesis and monocytopoiesis stimulated by interleukins and G-CSF and GM-CSF

Question 8

Megakaryopoiesis

Answer 8

Thrombopoietin from liver regulates development of megakaryocytes that bud off platelets

Question 9

Why do a bone marrow aspirate?

Answer 9

Abnormal hematology, potential malignant metastasis, always submit concurrent CBC

Question 10

Locations for bone marrow biopsy

Answer 10

Proximal femur, iliac crest, proximal humerus of dogs and cats, sternum of horses, and proximal rib of cattle

Question 11

Bone Marrow aspirate

Answer 11

Used for cellular morphology and maturation, erythroid to myeloid ratio, and neoplasia

Question 12

Bone Marrow Biopsy

Answer 12

Used for ratio of fat to hematopoietic cells, erythroid to myeloid ratio, adequacy of iron, stromal elements, and neoplasia

Question 13

Myelofibrosis

Answer 13

Scarring in bone marrow

Question 14

Erythroid Hyperplasia

Answer 14

Response to anemia

Question 15

Megakaryocytic Hyperplasia

Answer 15

Response to loss of platelets

Question 16

Myeloid Hyperplasia

Answer 16

Due to bacterial infection, tissue necrosis, parasite, hypersensitivity, chronic infection, or specific agents

Question 17

Gross Bone Marrow Hyperplasia

Answer 17

Red marrow replacing yellow marrow in adults

Question 18

Bone Marrow Atrophy

Answer 18

Serous atrophy of fat

Question 19

Causes of bone marrow atrophy

Answer 19

Anemia of chronic disease, immune mediated, cytotoxic, infection, endocrine induced, iron deficiency, renal failure, malnutrition, inherited disorder, or idiopathic

Question 20

Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Answer 20

Clonal myeloid proliferative disorders with ineffective hematopoiesis in bone marrow, peripheral cytopenia

Question 21

Leukemias

Answer 21

Malignant hematopoietic neoplasm originating in bone marrow, significant neoplastic cells in blood

Question 22

Lymphoma

Answer 22

Malignant neoplasm of lymphocytes, phenotype determines prognosis

Question 23

Immunophenotyping for lymphoma

Answer 23

IHC, PCR to determine clonality through PARR

Question 24

PARR

Answer 24

Determine lymphoma or inflammatory based on clonality of lymphocytes

Question 25

Lymphoma Clinical Signs

Answer 25

Weight loss, anorexia, enlargement of multiple lymph nodes

Question 26

Lymphoma Gross Lesions

Answer 26

Organomegaly, nodules, thickening of tubular organs

Question 27

Canine Lymphoma

Answer 27

Most common canine hematopoietic neoplasia, usually multicentric, leads to hypercalcemia of malignancy

Question 28

Feline Lymphoma

Answer 28

Most common malignant neoplasm of cats, alimentary most common, leukemia and bone marrow involvemet, associated with FeLV

Question 29

GI Lymphoma

Answer 29

Enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma

Question 30

Type 1 GI Lymphoma

Answer 30

Large cell, common in dogs

Question 31

Type 2 GI Lymphoma

Answer 31

Small cell, common in cats, arises from MALT

Question 32

Enzootic Bovine Leukosis

Answer 32

B lymphocyte leukosis in abomasum, heart, and uterus due to BLV

Question 33

Sporadic Bovine Leukossi

Answer 33

Most commonly T cell, thymic form in beef cattle and cutaneous form in young cattle

Question 34

Multiple Myelom

Answer 34

Malignant tumor of plasma cell origin from bone marrow, leading to hypergammaglobulinemia