Unit 2- Joints Flashcards
Fibrous Joints
Synarthroses, bones united by fibrous tissue
Fibrous Joint Examples
Between cranial bones, between teeth and alveolar bone
Cartilaginous Joints
Ampiarthroses, bones united by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
Cartilaginous Joints Examples
Costochondral joints, pelvic symphysis, intervertebral discs
Synovial Joints Examples
True Joints or diarthroses, two bone ends covered by hyaline cartilage and a fluid filled articular capsule
Fibrillation
Fraying of the articular cartilage
Ebunation
Ulceration and loss of the articular cartilage
Villous Hypertrophy
The synovial membrane will form fingerlike projections due to chronic joint injury
Pannus
Granulation and histiocytic tissue that develops and can spread over the articular cartilage and eventually cause ankylosis after chronic injury
End-Stage Joint
A joint with severe chronic injury and damage
Osteochrondrosis
Abnormal growth of articular cartilage causing degenerative joint disease, common in piglets
Osteochondrosis Dissecans
Separation of a flap of cartilage away from the bone
Elbow Dysplasia Syndrome
Common in large breed dogs, osteochondritis dissecans, ununited anconeal process, and ununited medial coronoid process
OCD in Horses
Common cause of lameness, localizes in hind limb
Joint Mice
Piece of the articular cartilage breaks off and remains in the synovial cavity
Articular Collapse
Occurs with softening of the bone
OCD Cartilage Nodules
Nodules form as the bone attempts to regenerate
Hip Dysplasia
Subluxation between the femoral head and acetabulum common in large breed dogs
Osteosclerosis
Thickening of the bone due to trauma
Intervertebral Disk Disease
Herniated disk, degeneration of the intervertebral disks
Most common cause of paresis in dog
IVDD
Type II IVDD
Intervertebral disk protrusion
Type I IVDD
Intervertebral disk extrusion, rupture of the fibrous capsule and the gelatinous center is eliminated, more common in chondrodystrophic
Spondylosis Deformans
Degeneration of the vertebra due to osteophyte formation, common in old bulls
Primary Degenerative Joint Disease
Age related, no apparent cause
Secondary Degenerative Joint Disease
Associated with abnormality in the joint or supporting structures
Ringbone
Osteophytes form on inter-phalangeal joints due to trauma and wrap around the tendons, common in rodeo horses
Inflammatory Joint Disease
Septic arthritis in farm animals, aseptic immune mediated arthritis in dog and cat
Polyarthritis
Multiple joints affected
Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis
Carpal hygroma formation due to a retrovirus in goats
Immune-Mediated Arthritis
Common in dogs and cats, causing polyarthritis, antigen in the synovial fluid is attacked by the immune system
Synovial Cell Sarcoma
Malignant tumor from synovial fibrocyte, usually does not cross the synovial membrane
Histiocytic Sarcoma
Malignant tumors arising from histiocytic cells
