Unit 4 List 1 Evolution KYS

Question 1

the process of identifying the arrangement of amino acids in proteins and peptides

Answer 1

amino acid sequencing

Question 2

features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature

Answer 2

analogous structure

Question 3

the study of the structure of a plant or animal

Answer 3

anatomy

Question 4

the use of molecular biology techniques to study the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms, providing crucial insights into evolutionary relationships

Answer 4

biochemical evidence

Question 5

the study of the distribution of plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi around the world and throughout history

Answer 5

biogeography

Question 6

a branching tree diagram that shows ancestral relationships among organisms

Answer 6

cladogram

Question 7

one specifies being the ancestor of two or more species in the later period

Answer 7

common ancestry

Question 8

passing traits from parent to offspring

Answer 8

descent with modification

Question 9

the general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides, or bases, in a DNA molecule, ATCG

Answer 9

DNA sequencing

Question 10

a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge

Answer 10

electrophoresis

Question 11

the early developmental stage of an animal while it is in the egg or within the uterus of the mother

Answer 11

embryo

Question 12

the study of development of an embryo from the stage of ovum fertilization through to the fetal stage

Answer 12

embryology

Question 13

a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms

Answer 13

evolutionary tree

Question 14

a collection of fossils documenting the history of life on Earth

Answer 14

fossil record

Question 15

an organ, system, or body part that shares a common ancestry in multiple organisms

Answer 15

homologous structure

Question 16

similarity of the structure, physiology, or development of different species of organisms based upon their descent from a common evolutionary ancestor

Answer 16

homology

Question 17

the study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils

Answer 17

paleontology

Question 18

a measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families

Answer 18

phenotypic similarity

Question 19

the evolutionary history of the development of a species or of a taxonomic group of organisms

Answer 19

phylogeny

Question 20

a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor.

Answer 20

phylogenetic tree

Question 21

Structures that have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor

Answer 21

vestigial structures

Question 22

Sedimentary rocks are laid down in layers called beds or strata

Answer 22

sedimentary layers

Question 23

the evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes better able to live in its habitat or habitats

Answer 23

adaptation

Question 24

the way in which an animal or person acts in response to a particular situation or stimulus

Answer 24

behavior

Question 25

a relationship between organisms that strive for the same resources in the same place

Answer 25

competition

Question 26

the ability to survive to reproductive age, find a mate, and produce offspring

Answer 26

fitness

Question 27

the combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species

Answer 27

gene pool

Question 28

the presence of differences in sequences of genes between individual organisms of a species

Answer 28

genetic variation

Question 29

the physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers

Answer 29

geographic isolation

Question 30

the study of the size, shape, and structure of animals, plants, and microorganisms and of the relationships of their constituent parts

Answer 30

morphology

Question 31

Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success.

Answer 31

natural selection

Question 32

The observable characteristics or traits in an individual based on the expression of their genes

Answer 32

phenotypic expression

Question 33

a branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or of living matter (such as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical phenomena involved

Answer 33

physiology

Question 34

all the organisms of the same group or species that live in a specific area and are capable of breeding among themselves

Answer 34

population

Question 35

the inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic barriers or differences

Answer 35

reproductive isolation

Question 36

the process by which individuals compete for access to mates and fertilization opportunities

Answer 36

sexual selection

Question 37

how a new kind of plant or animal species is created

Answer 37

speciation

Question 38

a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring

Answer 38

species

Question 39

a specific characteristic of an individual

Answer 39

trait