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Biology Kiley Shieh > Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity KYS > Flashcards

Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity KYS Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

adenine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

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2
Q

amino acid

A

molecules that combine to form proteins

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3
Q

anticodon

A

a triplet of nucleotide bases in tRNA that binds to a codon in mRNA during protein synthesis

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4
Q

cell types

A

eukaryotic cells, which possess a nucleus, and prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus but have a nucleoid region

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5
Q

cell differentiation

A

the process of cells becoming specialized in their structures and function and performing a certain job in the body

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6
Q

chromosome

A

a DNA molecule that contains the genetic information for an organism

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7
Q

codon

A

three nucleotides in mRNA that determines the position of amino acids

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8
Q

cytoplasm

A

a thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane

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9
Q

cytosine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

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10
Q

deoxyribose

A

a pentose (5-carbon sugar) biological molecule

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11
Q

DNA

A

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

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12
Q

double helix

A

describes the appearance of double-stranded DNA, which is composed of two linear strands that run opposite to each other, or anti-parallel, and twist together

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13
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

a network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move

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14
Q

enzyme

A

proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies

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15
Q

gene

A

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

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16
Q

golgi apparatus

A

stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm

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17
Q

guanine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA. It is a type of purine

18
Q

hydrogen bond

A

the electromagnetic attraction created between a partially positively charged hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative atom and another nearby electronegative atom

19
Q

nitrogenous base

A

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base; A,G,C,T/U

19
Q

mRNA

A

messenger RNA, used to build proteins

20
Q

mutation

A

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell

21
Q

nuclear membrane

A

a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside

22
Q

nucleic acid

A

macromolecule; naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the primary information-carrying molecules in cells.

23
Q

phosphate group

A

a phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms, makes up nucleotide structure

23
Q

nucleotide

A

the basic building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA)

24
Q

nucleus

A

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

25
Q

peptide bond

A

a covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein

26
Q

polypeptides

A

a chain of amino acids

27
Q

protein synthesis

A

the process that cells use to create proteins

28
Q

ribose

A

an organic compound classified as a monosaccharide, or simple sugar

29
Q

ribosome

A

a complex molecular machine found inside the living cells that produce proteins from amino acids during a process called protein synthesis or translation.

30
Q

RNA

A

a molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses; made up of nucleotides

31
Q

rRNA

A

ribosomal RNA makes up part of ribosomes

32
Q

start codon

A

the initial set of codons in an mRNA transcript that is translated by a ribosome

33
Q

stop codon

A

a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein.

34
Q

thymine

A

one of the four nucleotide bases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T

35
Q

transcription

A

the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA

36
Q

translation

A

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA)

37
Q

tRNA

A

transfer RNA, carries amino acids

38
Q

uracil

A

a nitrogenous base that is a component of RNA

39
Q

vesicle

A

A small sac formed by a membrane and filled with liquid

Biology Kiley Shieh (9 decks)

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