Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity KYS

Question 1

adenine

Answer 1

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 2

amino acid

Answer 2

molecules that combine to form proteins

Question 3

anticodon

Answer 3

a triplet of nucleotide bases in tRNA that binds to a codon in mRNA during protein synthesis

Question 4

cell types

Answer 4

eukaryotic cells, which possess a nucleus, and prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus but have a nucleoid region

Question 5

cell differentiation

Answer 5

the process of cells becoming specialized in their structures and function and performing a certain job in the body

Question 6

chromosome

Answer 6

a DNA molecule that contains the genetic information for an organism

Question 7

codon

Answer 7

three nucleotides in mRNA that determines the position of amino acids

Question 8

cytoplasm

Answer 8

a thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane

Question 9

cytosine

Answer 9

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 10

deoxyribose

Answer 10

a pentose (5-carbon sugar) biological molecule

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

Question 12

double helix

Answer 12

describes the appearance of double-stranded DNA, which is composed of two linear strands that run opposite to each other, or anti-parallel, and twist together

Question 13

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

a network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move

Question 14

enzyme

Answer 14

proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies

Question 15

gene

Answer 15

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

Question 16

golgi apparatus

Answer 16

stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell’s cytoplasm

Question 17

guanine

Answer 17

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA. It is a type of purine

Question 18

hydrogen bond

Answer 18

the electromagnetic attraction created between a partially positively charged hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative atom and another nearby electronegative atom

Question 19

nitrogenous base

Answer 19

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base; A,G,C,T/U

Question 19

mRNA

Answer 19

messenger RNA, used to build proteins

Question 20

mutation

Answer 20

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell

Question 21

nuclear membrane

Answer 21

a double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside

Question 22

nucleic acid

Answer 22

macromolecule; naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the primary information-carrying molecules in cells.

Question 23

phosphate group

Answer 23

a phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms, makes up nucleotide structure

Question 23

nucleotide

Answer 23

the basic building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA)

Question 24

nucleus

Answer 24

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

Question 25

peptide bond

Answer 25

a covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein

Question 26

polypeptides

Answer 26

a chain of amino acids

Question 27

protein synthesis

Answer 27

the process that cells use to create proteins

Question 28

ribose

Answer 28

an organic compound classified as a monosaccharide, or simple sugar

Question 29

ribosome

Answer 29

a complex molecular machine found inside the living cells that produce proteins from amino acids during a process called protein synthesis or translation.

Question 30

RNA

Answer 30

a molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses; made up of nucleotides

Question 31

rRNA

Answer 31

ribosomal RNA makes up part of ribosomes

Question 32

start codon

Answer 32

the initial set of codons in an mRNA transcript that is translated by a ribosome

Question 33

stop codon

Answer 33

a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein.

Question 34

thymine

Answer 34

one of the four nucleotide bases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T

Question 35

transcription

Answer 35

the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA

Question 36

translation

Answer 36

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 37

tRNA

Answer 37

transfer RNA, carries amino acids

Question 38

uracil

Answer 38

a nitrogenous base that is a component of RNA

Question 39

vesicle

Answer 39

A small sac formed by a membrane and filled with liquid