Unit 1 List 2 Cell Energy

Question 1

Autotroph

Answer 1

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals

Question 2

Light Reactions

Answer 2

the first stage of photosynthesis process in which solar energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH

Question 3

Chlorophyll

Answer 3

a pigment present in all green plants and a few other organisms

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy

Question 5

Calvin Cycle

Answer 5

a process that plants and algae use to turn carbon dioxide from the air into sugar, the food autotrophs need to grow.

Question 6

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 6

a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation

Question 7

NADPH

Answer 7

NADPH is a product of the first level of photosynthesis. It helps to fuel the reactions that occur in the second stage of the process of photosynthesis

Question 8

Mitochondrial Matrix

Answer 8

the mitochondrion internal spaces enclosed by the inner membrane

Question 9

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 9

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars)

Question 10

Fermentation

Answer 10

an enzyme catalysed, metabolic process whereby organisms convert starch or sugar to alcohol or an acid anaerobically releasing energy

Question 11

NAD+

Answer 11

responsible for accepting high-energy electrons and carrying them to the electron transport chain (ETC) to synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 12

Alcoholic Fermentation

Answer 12

biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products

Question 13

Glycolysis

Answer 13

A process in which glucose (sugar) is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that do not need oxygen

Question 14

NADH

Answer 14

occurs naturally in the body and plays a role in generating energy. The NADH produced by the body is involved in making energy in the body

Question 15

Anaerobic

Answer 15

“without oxygen”

Question 16

Cellular Respiration

Answer 16

a series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP

Question 17

Krebs Cycle

Answer 17

The process in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions

Question 18

Pyruvic Acid

Answer 18

A colorless organic liquid formed by the breakdown of carbohydrates and sugars during cell metabolism

Question 19

Citric Acid

Answer 19

a sour organic acid C6H8O7 occurring in cellular metabolism, obtained especially from lemon and lime juices or by fermentation of sugars, and used as a flavoring.

Question 20

ATP

Answer 20

ATP has an extra phosphate that is used for storing energy

Question 21

ADP

Answer 21

ADP usually releases energy once a bond is broken and transferred to it

Question 22

Pigment

Answer 22

coloring

Question 23

Granum

Answer 23

a stack of coin-shaped thylakoids in the chloroplasts of plant cells

Question 24

Stomata

Answer 24

a stack of coin-shaped thylakoids in the chloroplasts of plant cells

Question 25

Carbon Fixation

Answer 25

process by which plants and algae convert the carbon found in inorganic molecules in the atmosphere into organic matter to produce biological building blocks and fuel for cellular respiration

Question 26

Heterotrophs

Answer 26

an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

Question 27

Carotenoids

Answer 27

a class of more than 750 naturally occurring pigments synthesized by plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria

Question 27

Thylakoids

Answer 27

pouch-like sacs that are bound to a membrane in the chloroplasts of a plant cell