Unit 3 List 3 DNA & Heredity KS Flashcards
The process by which a single parent cell splits to form new cells, known as daughter cells
Cellular Division
the female reproductive cell, or gamete
Egg Cell
the study of how cells control gene activity without changing the DNA sequence
Epigenetic
The process by which two gametes (reproductive cells having a single, haploid set of chromosomes) fuse to become a zygote, which develops into a new organism
Fertilization
The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism
Genome
a trait or variants encoded in DNA and passed from parent to offspring during reproduction
Inherited Traits
an organism composed of many cells
Multicellular Organism
the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes
Sexual Reproduction
The male reproductive cell, formed in the testicle
Sperm Cell
one of the numbered chromosomes, as opposed to the sex chromosomes
Autosomal
when one allele completely dominates or takes control of the other
Complete Dominance
a cross between two individuals with two observed traits that are controlled by two distinct genes
Dihybrid Cross
the first generation of offspring produced by a set of parents
F1 (first filial)
the result of a cross between two F1 individuals
F2 (second filial)
describes the number of times a genotype would appear in the offspring after a test cross
Genotypic Ratio
no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection.
Hardy-Weinberg Conditions
the amount of genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype
Incomplete Dominance
the hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait
Monohybrid Cross
the first offspring produced by the two individuals mated together; the first set of parents crossed
P (parental) generation
a ratio comparing the possible outcomes for an organism based on physical appearance
Phenotypic Ratio
the inheritance of a trait governed by more than one genes
Polygenic Inheritance
a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area
Population
a comparison in terms of a quotient of two numbers a and b, usually written as ab or a/b
Ratio
the differences between individuals of the same species, caused by genetic and environmental factors
Variation
the genetic makeup of an organism
genotype
an observable trait
phenotype
