DNA and Heredity Test

Question 1

Mitosis and Meiosis Sister Chromatids

Answer 1

Mitosis, two diploid cells; Meiosis, four haploid cells

Question 2

How many cell divisions does Meiosis have? Mitosis?

Answer 2

Mitosis, One; Meiosis, Two identical daughter cells

Question 3

Does Mitosis contain genetic variation, or is it Meiosis?

Answer 3

Meiosis contains genetic variation and Mitosis does not

Question 4

What is the purpose of Mitosis?

Answer 4

The purpose of mitosis is growth, repairing, and asexual reproduction

Question 5

What is the purpose of Meiosis?

Answer 5

Meiosis’s purpose is sexual reproduction and gamete formation

Question 6

What is a central dogma?

Answer 6

Central dogma is the theory of transporting genetic information in one direction from DNA to RNA or RNA directly to protein

Question 7

What is DNA?

Answer 7

DNA is the genetic material that stores and transmits hereditary information

Question 8

What is transcription?

Answer 8

the process of converting DNA to mRNA

Question 9

What is mRNA?

Answer 9

mRNA is a single-stranded molecule that carries the genetic information from the DNA directly to the ribosome

Question 10

What is translation?

Answer 10

the process of converting mRNA sequence into an amino acid sequence

Question 11

What’s a protein?

Answer 11

a complex molecule that is important for various cellular functions

Question 12

How is Meiosis a source of genetic information?

Answer 12

generates genetic variation through crossing over and independent assortment

Question 13

Explain the relationship between amino acid sequence and type of protein

Answer 13

The amino acid sequence determines the protein’s structure and function. The specific order of amino acids determines how the proteins fold, forming its shape. This shape dictates its function.

Question 14

genotype

Answer 14

genetic makeup up of an organism

Question 15

phenotype

Answer 15

observable characteristics

Question 16

dominant allele

Answer 16

capital letter in a gene

Question 17

recessive allele

Answer 17

lowercase letter in a gene

Question 18

homozygous dominant

Answer 18

HH

Question 19

homozygous recessive

Answer 19

hh

Question 20

heterozygous

Answer 20

Hh

Question 21

How does translation stop?

Answer 21

with a stop codon

Question 22

Autosomal dominant inheritance

Answer 22

the way a genetic trait or condition can be passed down from parent to child

Question 23

Mendelian inheritance patterns

Answer 23

certain patterns of how traits are passed from parents to offspring

Question 24

How are autosomal traits inherited?

Answer 24

they are inherited through genes located on autosomes

Question 25

5 steps to sequence the events in protein synthesis

Answer 25

1. Transcription, 2. mRNA Processing, 3. Translation Initiation, 4. Translation Elongation, 5. Translation Termination

Question 26

crossing over

Answer 26

he exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes during the development of prophase I

Question 27

Which cells in the body can transmit a change in DNA (mutation) to its offspring?

Answer 27

Germ cells

Question 28

incomplete dominance

Answer 28

red + white = pink

Question 29

co dominance

Answer 29

black cow + white cow = black and white spotted cow