DNA and Heredity Test Flashcards
Mitosis and Meiosis Sister Chromatids
Mitosis, two diploid cells; Meiosis, four haploid cells
How many cell divisions does Meiosis have? Mitosis?
Mitosis, One; Meiosis, Two identical daughter cells
Does Mitosis contain genetic variation, or is it Meiosis?
Meiosis contains genetic variation and Mitosis does not
What is the purpose of Mitosis?
The purpose of mitosis is growth, repairing, and asexual reproduction
What is the purpose of Meiosis?
Meiosis’s purpose is sexual reproduction and gamete formation
What is a central dogma?
Central dogma is the theory of transporting genetic information in one direction from DNA to RNA or RNA directly to protein
What is DNA?
DNA is the genetic material that stores and transmits hereditary information
What is transcription?
the process of converting DNA to mRNA
What is mRNA?
mRNA is a single-stranded molecule that carries the genetic information from the DNA directly to the ribosome
What is translation?
the process of converting mRNA sequence into an amino acid sequence
What’s a protein?
a complex molecule that is important for various cellular functions
How is Meiosis a source of genetic information?
generates genetic variation through crossing over and independent assortment
Explain the relationship between amino acid sequence and type of protein
The amino acid sequence determines the protein’s structure and function. The specific order of amino acids determines how the proteins fold, forming its shape. This shape dictates its function.
genotype
genetic makeup up of an organism
phenotype
observable characteristics
dominant allele
capital letter in a gene
recessive allele
lowercase letter in a gene
homozygous dominant
HH
homozygous recessive
hh
heterozygous
Hh
How does translation stop?
with a stop codon
Autosomal dominant inheritance
the way a genetic trait or condition can be passed down from parent to child
Mendelian inheritance patterns
certain patterns of how traits are passed from parents to offspring
How are autosomal traits inherited?
they are inherited through genes located on autosomes
5 steps to sequence the events in protein synthesis
- Transcription, 2. mRNA Processing, 3. Translation Initiation, 4. Translation Elongation, 5. Translation Termination
crossing over
he exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes during the development of prophase I
Which cells in the body can transmit a change in DNA (mutation) to its offspring?
Germ cells
incomplete dominance
red + white = pink
co dominance
black cow + white cow = black and white spotted cow
