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Biology Kiley Shieh > Unit 1 Test > Flashcards

Unit 1 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Which organelle does photosynthesis occur in?

A

Chloroplast

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2
Q

What are the steps of PS? Where do those steps take place?

A

Absorption of light (Granum, Thylakoid), Transfer Of electrons, Production Of ATP, and Carbon Fixation. Production of ATP and Carbon Fixation takes place in the stroma.

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3
Q

Inputs of photosynthesis

A

C02, H20, Light, Water, NAPH+, and ADP

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4
Q

Outputs of Photosynthesis

A

glucose, oxygen, ATP, and NADPH

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4
Q

Synthesis

A

The combination of parts or elements to form a whole

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5
Q

T or F Plants and animals need glucose for cellular respiration

A

True

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6
Q

What class of biomolecules/macromolecules does cellulose belong to? Which type of cells contain cellulose?

A

Carbohydrates; Mostly algae and higher plants

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7
Q

Balanced Equation of Photosynthesis; Name reactants and products

A

C02 + H20 + Light Energy = Glucose and O2 Reactants are C02 and H20 and Light energy, Products are Glucose and O2

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8
Q

Difference between LDR and LIR

A

LDR takes place in the Granum in the Thylakoid of the chloroplast. It converts light into chemical energy and water is split into electrons, protons, and oxygen. LIR takes place in the stroma. CO2 is fixed/changed into a more useable organic form and Uses ATP, NADPH and fixed C02 to make a product that is converted to glucose.

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8
Q

In which step of PS is Carbon (CO2 ) used?

A

The Calvin Cycle

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8
Q

Balanced equation for Cellular Respiration; Name reactants and products

A

C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 → 602 + 6H20 + ATP ; Reactants are Oxygen and Glucose while C02, water, and energy are Products.

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9
Q

In which step of PS is Oxygen released?

A

Photolysis Step

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10
Q

Which step in Cellular Respiration is more efficient at making ATP?

A

Oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis

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11
Q

Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic? Where does it occur?

A

Anaerobic and it occurs in Cytoplasm

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12
Q

levels of organization in order from least complex to most complex.

A

Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, human organism.

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12
Q

During the cell cycle which type of cell would form a cell plate? Which step would it occur?

A

Plant cells; telophase

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13
Q

What is the purpose of checkpoints in the cell cycle? What happens when they do not work properly?

A

To watch the order and major events in the cycle; Form cancerous tumors

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13
Q

Which organisms can do photosynthesis

A

Protists, Bacteria, and Plants

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14
Q

C6H12O6 is the chemical formula for…

A

Glucose

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14
Q

What is chlorophyll and what does it do?

A

It’s a pigment and it makes a plant appear green.

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15
Q

What are the three basic parts of the cell theory?

A
  1. All organisms are composed of cells. 2. Cells are alive and the basic living units of organization in all organisms. 3. All cells come from other cells.
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15
Q

What do Lysosomes do?

A

digests food particles, waste and cell parts. Aids in cell renewal and Digests invaders.

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15
Q

What type of microscope would be best for studying the structures found inside of cells?

A

An electron microscope

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15
Q

What are Large Vacuoles

A

stores water and other materials in the cell; more common in plants than animals.

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16
Q

What makes up most of the cell membrane?

A

Phospholipids and proteins

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17
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

makes proteins for the cell

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18
Q

What helps with flexibility in the cell membrane?

A

Cholesterol

19
Q

What’s a phospholipid?

A

a type of lipid that has 2 fatty acid tails and a phosphate head

19
Q

What do carbohydrate chains do for the cell membrane?

A

It helps the cell membrane communicate with other cells

20
Q

What is hydrophilic and what is hydrophobic between the phosphate head and the fatty acid tails?

A

Phosphate head hydrophilic and fatty acid tails are hydrophobic

21
Q

How does the phospholipid bilayer form?

A

because the inside and outside of the cell are mostly water

22
Q

Why is glucose special when it comes to entering a cell?

A

glucose can only pass through a cell using a glucose transport protein

22
Q

What molecules must use a transport protein to enter/exit a cell?

A

Hydrophilic, polar, large and charged molecules

23
Q

When will the molecules stop noticeably moving?

A

At very low temperatures

24
Q

What kind of molecules CAN go through the phospholipid bilayer?

A

Gases, hydrophobic molecules, and small polar uncharged molecules

25
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

It’s the passive movement of molecules along the concentration gradient.

26
Q

Active Transport

A

Materials move up the concentration gradient,
from low to high solution concentrations

27
Q

Passive Transport

A

Materials move down the concentration gradient
from high to low solution concentrations

28
Q

What test is Benedict’s solution for?

A

It tests for the presence of monosaccharides

28
Q

True or False: Human bodies do not use nucleic acids for nutrients.

A

True

29
Q

Which macromolecule is present when a Biuret test changes from blue to purple?

A

Proteins are present

29
Q

True or False: If Benedict’s solution changes color, that means it is positive for simple sugars. In other words, the solution has simple sugars in it.

A

True

30
Q

If Starch is present in an Iodine test, what color change would you see?

A

You could see yellow to brown to purple or black

31
Q

What shows that a solution has lipids in it in a Sudan IV test?

A

When a dark red ring appears at the top of the solution

32
Q

ATP stands for _____ and is a type of _____.

A

Adenosine Triphosphate; nucleic acid

33
Q

Which type of cells have membrane-bound organelles such as a nucleus?

A

Eukaryotic Cells

34
Q

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

A

Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water

34
Q

How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related?

A

The products of one are the reactants of the other

35
Q

Lactic Acid Fermentation

A

Glucose –> Lactic Acid/Lactate

36
Q

Ethanol Fermentation

A

Glucose –> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide

37
Q

Where does the Kreb’s cycle take place?

A

Mitochondrial Matrix

38
Q

Where does the Electron Transport Chain take place?

A

The inner membrane of the mitochondria

38
Q

Glycolysis takes place where?

A

Cystol

39
Q

In this process what is called a “proton”?

A

It is the ion H+

40
Q

Why is cyanide so deadly? What cellular functions does it stop?

A

It blocks ATP production

41
Q

Which substances will you find in almost all cells?

A

Genetic Material, Cytoplasm, and Ribosomes.

42
Q

True or False facilitated diffusion requires energy because it uses transport proteins.

A

False

43
Q

The cells lining your gut require glucose. What energy source will make that happen?

A

ATP

44
Q

What is Receptor - mediated endocytosis?

A

where cells are picky about what is coming in due to the binding process.

45
Q

When pseudopods engulf a substance and pull it into a vacuole, that is an example of…

A

phagocytosis.

46
Q

What is it called when cells take in fluid?

A

pinocytosis

47
Q

Large carbohydrates are really important for making what?

A

Cell walls

48
Q

True or False all cells have a cell wall

A

False

49
Q

Empirical evidence

A

the information obtained through observation and documentation of certain behavior and patterns or through an experiment

50
Q

What is gene expression? Give an example.

A

Information in a gene is turned into a function. The different expressions of genes in human cells.

Biology Kiley Shieh (9 decks)

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