Unit 1 Test Flashcards
Which organelle does photosynthesis occur in?
Chloroplast
What are the steps of PS? Where do those steps take place?
Absorption of light (Granum, Thylakoid), Transfer Of electrons, Production Of ATP, and Carbon Fixation. Production of ATP and Carbon Fixation takes place in the stroma.
Inputs of photosynthesis
C02, H20, Light, Water, NAPH+, and ADP
Outputs of Photosynthesis
glucose, oxygen, ATP, and NADPH
Synthesis
The combination of parts or elements to form a whole
T or F Plants and animals need glucose for cellular respiration
True
What class of biomolecules/macromolecules does cellulose belong to? Which type of cells contain cellulose?
Carbohydrates; Mostly algae and higher plants
Balanced Equation of Photosynthesis; Name reactants and products
C02 + H20 + Light Energy = Glucose and O2 Reactants are C02 and H20 and Light energy, Products are Glucose and O2
Difference between LDR and LIR
LDR takes place in the Granum in the Thylakoid of the chloroplast. It converts light into chemical energy and water is split into electrons, protons, and oxygen. LIR takes place in the stroma. CO2 is fixed/changed into a more useable organic form and Uses ATP, NADPH and fixed C02 to make a product that is converted to glucose.
In which step of PS is Carbon (CO2 ) used?
The Calvin Cycle
Balanced equation for Cellular Respiration; Name reactants and products
C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 → 602 + 6H20 + ATP ; Reactants are Oxygen and Glucose while C02, water, and energy are Products.
In which step of PS is Oxygen released?
Photolysis Step
Which step in Cellular Respiration is more efficient at making ATP?
Oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis
Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic? Where does it occur?
Anaerobic and it occurs in Cytoplasm
levels of organization in order from least complex to most complex.
Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, human organism.
During the cell cycle which type of cell would form a cell plate? Which step would it occur?
Plant cells; telophase
What is the purpose of checkpoints in the cell cycle? What happens when they do not work properly?
To watch the order and major events in the cycle; Form cancerous tumors
Which organisms can do photosynthesis
Protists, Bacteria, and Plants
C6H12O6 is the chemical formula for…
Glucose
What is chlorophyll and what does it do?
It’s a pigment and it makes a plant appear green.
What are the three basic parts of the cell theory?
- All organisms are composed of cells. 2. Cells are alive and the basic living units of organization in all organisms. 3. All cells come from other cells.
What do Lysosomes do?
digests food particles, waste and cell parts. Aids in cell renewal and Digests invaders.
What type of microscope would be best for studying the structures found inside of cells?
An electron microscope
What are Large Vacuoles
stores water and other materials in the cell; more common in plants than animals.
What makes up most of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids and proteins
What do ribosomes do?
makes proteins for the cell
What helps with flexibility in the cell membrane?
Cholesterol
What’s a phospholipid?
a type of lipid that has 2 fatty acid tails and a phosphate head
What do carbohydrate chains do for the cell membrane?
It helps the cell membrane communicate with other cells
What is hydrophilic and what is hydrophobic between the phosphate head and the fatty acid tails?
Phosphate head hydrophilic and fatty acid tails are hydrophobic
How does the phospholipid bilayer form?
because the inside and outside of the cell are mostly water
Why is glucose special when it comes to entering a cell?
glucose can only pass through a cell using a glucose transport protein
What molecules must use a transport protein to enter/exit a cell?
Hydrophilic, polar, large and charged molecules
When will the molecules stop noticeably moving?
At very low temperatures
What kind of molecules CAN go through the phospholipid bilayer?
Gases, hydrophobic molecules, and small polar uncharged molecules
What is facilitated diffusion?
It’s the passive movement of molecules along the concentration gradient.
Active Transport
Materials move up the concentration gradient,
from low to high solution concentrations
Passive Transport
Materials move down the concentration gradient
from high to low solution concentrations
What test is Benedict’s solution for?
It tests for the presence of monosaccharides
True or False: Human bodies do not use nucleic acids for nutrients.
True
Which macromolecule is present when a Biuret test changes from blue to purple?
Proteins are present
True or False: If Benedict’s solution changes color, that means it is positive for simple sugars. In other words, the solution has simple sugars in it.
True
If Starch is present in an Iodine test, what color change would you see?
You could see yellow to brown to purple or black
What shows that a solution has lipids in it in a Sudan IV test?
When a dark red ring appears at the top of the solution
ATP stands for _____ and is a type of _____.
Adenosine Triphosphate; nucleic acid
Which type of cells have membrane-bound organelles such as a nucleus?
Eukaryotic Cells
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related?
The products of one are the reactants of the other
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Glucose –> Lactic Acid/Lactate
Ethanol Fermentation
Glucose –> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
Where does the Kreb’s cycle take place?
Mitochondrial Matrix
Where does the Electron Transport Chain take place?
The inner membrane of the mitochondria
Glycolysis takes place where?
Cystol
In this process what is called a “proton”?
It is the ion H+
Why is cyanide so deadly? What cellular functions does it stop?
It blocks ATP production
Which substances will you find in almost all cells?
Genetic Material, Cytoplasm, and Ribosomes.
True or False facilitated diffusion requires energy because it uses transport proteins.
False
The cells lining your gut require glucose. What energy source will make that happen?
ATP
What is Receptor - mediated endocytosis?
where cells are picky about what is coming in due to the binding process.
When pseudopods engulf a substance and pull it into a vacuole, that is an example of…
phagocytosis.
What is it called when cells take in fluid?
pinocytosis
Large carbohydrates are really important for making what?
Cell walls
True or False all cells have a cell wall
False
Empirical evidence
the information obtained through observation and documentation of certain behavior and patterns or through an experiment
What is gene expression? Give an example.
Information in a gene is turned into a function. The different expressions of genes in human cells.
