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Biology Kiley Shieh > Unit 1 Test > Flashcards

Unit 1 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Which organelle does photosynthesis occur in?

A

Chloroplast

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2
Q

What are the steps of PS? Where do those steps take place?

A

Absorption of light (Granum, Thylakoid), Transfer Of electrons, Production Of ATP, and Carbon Fixation. Production of ATP and Carbon Fixation takes place in the stroma.

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3
Q

Inputs of photosynthesis

A

C02, H20, Light, Water, NAPH+, and ADP

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4
Q

Outputs of Photosynthesis

A

glucose, oxygen, ATP, and NADPH

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4
Q

Synthesis

A

The combination of parts or elements to form a whole

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5
Q

T or F Plants and animals need glucose for cellular respiration

A

True

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6
Q

What class of biomolecules/macromolecules does cellulose belong to? Which type of cells contain cellulose?

A

Carbohydrates; Mostly algae and higher plants

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7
Q

Balanced Equation of Photosynthesis; Name reactants and products

A

C02 + H20 + Light Energy = Glucose and O2 Reactants are C02 and H20 and Light energy, Products are Glucose and O2

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8
Q

Difference between LDR and LIR

A

LDR takes place in the Granum in the Thylakoid of the chloroplast. It converts light into chemical energy and water is split into electrons, protons, and oxygen. LIR takes place in the stroma. CO2 is fixed/changed into a more useable organic form and Uses ATP, NADPH and fixed C02 to make a product that is converted to glucose.

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8
Q

In which step of PS is Carbon (CO2 ) used?

A

The Calvin Cycle

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8
Q

Balanced equation for Cellular Respiration; Name reactants and products

A

C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 → 602 + 6H20 + ATP ; Reactants are Oxygen and Glucose while C02, water, and energy are Products.

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9
Q

In which step of PS is Oxygen released?

A

Photolysis Step

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10
Q

Which step in Cellular Respiration is more efficient at making ATP?

A

Oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis

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11
Q

Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic? Where does it occur?

A

Anaerobic and it occurs in Cytoplasm

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12
Q

levels of organization in order from least complex to most complex.

A

Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, human organism.

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12
Q

During the cell cycle which type of cell would form a cell plate? Which step would it occur?

A

Plant cells; telophase

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13
Q

What is the purpose of checkpoints in the cell cycle? What happens when they do not work properly?

A

To watch the order and major events in the cycle; Form cancerous tumors

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13
Q

Which organisms can do photosynthesis

A

Protists, Bacteria, and Plants

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14
Q

C6H12O6 is the chemical formula for…

A

Glucose

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14
Q

What is chlorophyll and what does it do?

A

It’s a pigment and it makes a plant appear green.

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15
Q

What are the three basic parts of the cell theory?

A
  1. All organisms are composed of cells. 2. Cells are alive and the basic living units of organization in all organisms. 3. All cells come from other cells.
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15
Q

What do Lysosomes do?

A

digests food particles, waste and cell parts. Aids in cell renewal and Digests invaders.

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15
Q

What type of microscope would be best for studying the structures found inside of cells?

A

An electron microscope

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15
Q

What are Large Vacuoles

A

stores water and other materials in the cell; more common in plants than animals.

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16
What makes up most of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids and proteins
17
What do ribosomes do?
makes proteins for the cell
18
What helps with flexibility in the cell membrane?
Cholesterol
19
What's a phospholipid?
a type of lipid that has 2 fatty acid tails and a phosphate head
19
What do carbohydrate chains do for the cell membrane?
It helps the cell membrane communicate with other cells
20
What is hydrophilic and what is hydrophobic between the phosphate head and the fatty acid tails?
Phosphate head hydrophilic and fatty acid tails are hydrophobic
21
How does the phospholipid bilayer form?
because the inside and outside of the cell are mostly water
22
Why is glucose special when it comes to entering a cell?
glucose can only pass through a cell using a glucose transport protein
22
What molecules must use a transport protein to enter/exit a cell?
Hydrophilic, polar, large and charged molecules
23
When will the molecules stop noticeably moving?
At very low temperatures
24
What kind of molecules CAN go through the phospholipid bilayer?
Gases, hydrophobic molecules, and small polar uncharged molecules
25
What is facilitated diffusion?
It’s the passive movement of molecules along the concentration gradient.
26
Active Transport
Materials move up the concentration gradient, from low to high solution concentrations
27
Passive Transport
Materials move down the concentration gradient from high to low solution concentrations
28
What test is Benedict's solution for?
It tests for the presence of monosaccharides
28
True or False: Human bodies do not use nucleic acids for nutrients.
True
29
Which macromolecule is present when a Biuret test changes from blue to purple?
Proteins are present
29
True or False: If Benedict's solution changes color, that means it is positive for simple sugars. In other words, the solution has simple sugars in it.
True
30
If Starch is present in an Iodine test, what color change would you see?
You could see yellow to brown to purple or black
31
What shows that a solution has lipids in it in a Sudan IV test?
When a dark red ring appears at the top of the solution
32
ATP stands for _____ and is a type of _____.
Adenosine Triphosphate; nucleic acid
33
Which type of cells have membrane-bound organelles such as a nucleus?
Eukaryotic Cells
34
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Glucose + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water
34
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related?
The products of one are the reactants of the other
35
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Glucose --> Lactic Acid/Lactate
36
Ethanol Fermentation
Glucose --> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
37
Where does the Kreb's cycle take place?
Mitochondrial Matrix
38
Where does the Electron Transport Chain take place?
The inner membrane of the mitochondria
38
Glycolysis takes place where?
Cystol
39
In this process what is called a "proton"?
It is the ion H+
40
Why is cyanide so deadly? What cellular functions does it stop?
It blocks ATP production
41
Which substances will you find in almost all cells?
Genetic Material, Cytoplasm, and Ribosomes.
42
True or False facilitated diffusion requires energy because it uses transport proteins.
False
43
The cells lining your gut require glucose. What energy source will make that happen?
ATP
44
What is Receptor - mediated endocytosis?
where cells are picky about what is coming in due to the binding process.
45
When pseudopods engulf a substance and pull it into a vacuole, that is an example of...
phagocytosis.
46
What is it called when cells take in fluid?
pinocytosis
47
Large carbohydrates are really important for making what?
Cell walls
48
True or False all cells have a cell wall
False
49
Empirical evidence
the information obtained through observation and documentation of certain behavior and patterns or through an experiment
50
What is gene expression? Give an example.
Information in a gene is turned into a function. The different expressions of genes in human cells.

Biology Kiley Shieh (9 decks)

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