Unit 4: Early Republic Flashcards
republic
constitution or charter of rights protecting inalienable rights that cannot be taken away but he government, even if elected by majority of voters
democracy
in a “pure” democracy, the majority is not restrained, can impose will on minority
negatives of pure democracy
- minorities have no protection against the unlimited power of the majority
positives of a republic
- unrevokable charter protecting human rights
- equal say
- rule of law governs elected bound by oath to constitutional limits
popular sovereignty
government created by consent of the people
federalism
power divided between federal and state government
separation of power
legislative, executive, judicial
checks and balances
branches can control one another
primary contention of constitutional convention
big vs little state
federal government vs state government
hamilton appointment
secretary of treasury
jefferson appointment
secretary of state
henry knox appointment
secretary of war
judiciary act 1789
early congress, establishes a supreme court whit 1 chief justice and 5 associate justices, empowered to rule on constitutionality
first chief justice
john jay
hamilton’s core values
federalist, not consumed with state issues
hamilton biggest impacts
1) congress assumes/takes on states debts (opposed by madison, settled with exchange for putting capitol in dc)
2) protective tariff and 8% excise tax on whiskey
3) national bank, gave birth to loose vs strict constructionist philosphies
hamilton national bank
- deposit us money, print banknotes
- create a more stable currency
evolved into the federal reserve, manipulate interest rates to fight inflation
does the government have the power to make a national bank?
necessary and proper clause!!!!
enumerated power
national government only has powers specifically in the constitution
implied power
powers not written, but necessary to run government
foreign affairs
french rev, jay treaty, pinckney treaty
french revolution
proclamation of neutrality (1793)
- supported french in establishing a republic, horrified by mob hysteria and mass executions
- officially allied with France’s monarchy but not the revolutionary
result of proclamation of neutrality 1793
jefferson #resigns
jay treaty 1794
- british outposts on western frontier, impressing US ships into britishnaval service
- john jay goes to Britain to negotiate treaty
- britain leaves posts but continues impressing
pinckney treaty (1795)
- spain opens new orleans port to trade, opens mississippi river
- concedes northern florida territory to us
- spain was worried the us was getting to close to britain
domestic affairs
battle of fallen timbers, whiskey rebellion
battle of fallen timbers 1974
- last major conflict of nw territory between us and natives
- general anthony wayne won against confederation of native american warriors
- treaty of greenville procured ohio to white settlers
whiskey rebellion
washington sent 15k militiamen to squash rebellion
washington farewell address
- do not get involved in europeans affairs
- do not make “permanent alliances” in foreign affairs
- do not form political parties
- do not fall into sectionalism
federalists (general)
- hamilton, adams
- strong national governemnt
- richest, smartest
- banking, trade, and manufacturing
- urban northwest
anti federalists (general)
- madison, jefferson
- ordinary ppl & state should have more power
- farming more important
- rural south and west
john adams presidency
- federalist
- xyz affair
- alien & sedition act
- virginia & kentucky res
- madison & marbury
xyz affair
- french government regarded the jay treaty as a violation of french-american alliance
- adams sent men to france to work out problem
- however talks would only occur if americans agreed to loan france 10 mil
us got mad
- congress created naval department and authorized ships to seize french vessels
- us and france never went to war (quasi) but the situation damaged john adams standing in federalist party
quasi war (tensions with france)
- result of xyz affairs
- jefferson wanted to avoid war, published information
- backfired! public opinion now favored war against france (felt humiliated) … undeclared war between US and france
alien and sedition acts
- president adams was criticized for xyz affair by democratic republican newspaper
- blamed papers and new immigrants for his prbolem
- to silence his critics, the alien and sedition acts were passed
alien acts
- increased the waiting period for becoming a us citizen from 5 to 14 years
- gave president power to arrest disloyal aliens or order them out
sedition acts
- outlawed sedition, making saying anything false or harmful about government illegal
- violation of first admenment
aliens
federalists viewed foreign born immigrants active int he Republican Party as a threat
- president could deport or imprison any alien considered ‘dangerous’
virginia and kentucky resolutions
- virginia and kentucky claimed the right to declare null and void the alien and sedition acts because of bill of rights
1800s election
john adams, president + thomas pinckney, vp
VS
thomas jefferson, president
midnight judges
- john adams final days of presidency saw 58 appointments to government position
who did john adams appoint
- numerous federal judges
- chief justice john marshall
- marbury to justice of peace