Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

US History I H > Lead Up To Civil War > Flashcards

Lead Up To Civil War Flashcards

5.4.-5.5+slideshows

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards U.S. Geography flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

“i owe a paramount allegiance to the whole union–a subordinate one to my own state”

A

henry clay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

southerners resented the missouri compromise

A

b/c it prevented slavery in the louisiana purchase lands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

southerners disappointment towards Mexican war

A

b/c they felt territorial gains were not large enough to cultivate new land with enslaved labor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

acquisition of cuba

A

1850s, southerners wanted to acquire new territories
- they thought plantations were economically feasible in latin america

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

polk’s initial offer for cuba

A

president polk offered spain $100 million for cuba, but spain didn’t want to sell the last of its emprire

  • southerner adventurers lead expeditions to take cuba by force
  • failed, obviously
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ostend manifesto

A

franklin pierce, following president, adopted pro-south polices
- he dispatched 3 diplomats to ostend, Belgium
- secretly negotiated to buy cuba” “the ostend manifesto”

  • leaked to press eventually and antislavery congress members forced president pierce to stop
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

walker expedition (1853)

A

expansionists were seeking new empires without federal government support
- southerner William walker tried to take Baja California from mexico
- his regime had temp recognition

  • his scheme to develop a proslavery Central American empire ended when a coalition of Central American countries invaded his country and executed him 1860 (Honduran)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

clayton-bulwer treaty

A

major american & british ambition was to build a canal through central america
- they created the clayton bulwer treaty to prevent either of them from getting exclusive control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hay-paunceforte treaty

A

the clayton bulwer treaty held in place until the end of the century. 1901, the hay pauncefote treaty gave the us power to build a canal without british participation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

gadsden purchase

A

though pierce failed to get cuba, he bought a small strip of land from mexico

  • 1853, 10 mill
  • semidesert, but best route for a railroad
  • forms southern sections of New Mexico and arizona
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

wilmot proviso

A

excluded slavery from new territories
upsets the compromise of 1820 and the balance between 15 free and 15 slave states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 main opinions on slavery expansion (1840s)

A
  • free-soil movement
  • southern positions
  • popular sovereignty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

opinions on wiltmot proviso

A

abolitionists: eliminating slavery everywhere

northern democrats&whigs: supported it & the position that all African americans should be excluded from Mexican cession
- however, many northerners who opposed westward expansions did not oppose it in the south
- “west is a land of opportunity for whites only”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

free soil party (1840s)

A

(1848)
- northerners who opposed allowing slavery in territories organized
- “free soil, free labor, free men”
- free homesteads, internal improvements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

southern positions (1840s)

A

southern plantation owners
- wealth, social status, politically powerful
- restricted expansion of slavery as violations of constitutional rights to take property

moderate southerners: agree to extend missouri compromise line west to the Pacific Ocean, permit territories north to be free of slavery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

popular sovereignty (1840s)

A

aka squatter sovereignty

democratic senator from Michigan, lewis cass, proposed popular sovereignty through a cmrpomise solution
- the matter determined by a vote of people who settled a territory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

election of 1848

A

expansion of slavery was a key issue.. 3 parties:

  1. democrat’s senator cass - popular soveriengty
  2. whigs’s Zachary Taylor - no position
  3. free-soil party’s Martin van buren

Taylor narrowly defeated cass b/c of the vote given to free soil party in NY and Pennsylvania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

barnburners

A

members of free soil party were called this because their defection threatened to destroy democrats
- they consisted of conscience whigs and antislavery democrats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

gold rush

A

1849
influx of 100,000 settlers in to california, created need for law and order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

california’s admissions

A
  • 1849, cali drafted a constitution for their new state (banned slavery)
  • altohugh taylor was a southern slaveholder, he supported immediate admission of California & new Mexico as free states
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

1849 new mexico

A

little interest in applying for statehood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

taylor’s plan for admitting cali & nm free

A
  • sparked talks of secession among “fire eater” radicals in the south
  • southern extremists began meeting in Nashville 1850 to discuss secession
  • Henry clay tried to resolve this with another comrpomise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

compromise of 1850

A
  • admit cali as a free state
  • divide Mexican cession into utah and new mexico
  • give land between texas and New Mexico to new territories if govt. assumes Texas’s 10 mil debt
  • ban slave trade in DC (whites can continue to own slaves)
  • enforce a new fugitive slave law
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

senate debate over 1850 compromise

A

3 congressional giants delivered last speeches before death
- henry clay, kentucky
- daniel webster, masachusetts
- john c calhoun, south carolina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

daniel webster 1850

A
  • compromise in order to save the union
  • alienated the Massachusetts abolitionists who formed the base of his support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

john c. calhoun

A
  • argued against compromise
  • south needs equal rights in acquired territory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

northern opposition to compromise

A

younger antislavery lawmakers
- senator William h Seward, ny
- argued a higher law of there cosntution existed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

resolution of 1850 compromise debates

A
  • president Taylor, who opposed compromise, died
  • succeeding him was someone who believed in compromise: millard Fillmore!
  • Stephen a. douglas, a young democratic senator from illinois engeineered coalitions to pass each part of the compromise seperately
  • millard Fillmore signed them all!
29
Q

passage. of compromise of 1850

A

the passage brought time for the union
however, b/c cali was admitted as a free state, the compromise added to the north political power

political debate deepened around secession and saving the union

30
Q

“I did not write it. god wrote it I merely did his dictation”

A

harriet beecher stowe

31
Q

another pressing issue dividing people in the 1880s

A

immigration–particularly by Roman Catholics
& how to promote and respond to industrial growth

32
Q

irish immigrants

A

almost half of all immigrants (2 million)
came due to crop failures and the potato famine (1840)

  • limited interest in farming, few skills, little money
  • discriminated for being roman chatolic
33
Q

irish communities

A

many couldn’t move past where they landed
- strong irish communities developed in northern cities
- Boston, NY, philly
- people continued customs, spoke their won languages, and had specific church services

34
Q

irish valuable skills

A
  • they spoke English well (colonization by british)
  • understood electoral poltiics

they entered local politics, organized fellow immigrants, joined democratic parties, adn took on anti-British and pro-worker values

35
Q

tammany hall

A

NYC’s democratic organization
- originally excluded irish
- by 1850s, the irish secured jobs and influence
- by 1880s, they controlled the hall

36
Q

german immigrants

A

1 million
came due to economic hardships and failure of democratic revolutions (1840s-1850s)

  • modest means of skills for farming and artisans
37
Q

german communities

A

they could move westward in search of farmland
established homesteads throughout the old northwest

formed close-knit communities where they spoke German and practiced Roman Catholic or lutheran

38
Q

german immigrant politics

A

political influence was limited, but became active in support for public education and were anti-slavery

39
Q

nativist beliefs

A

feared that newcomers would take their jobs and dilute the culture of the anglo majority.

most nativists were protestants and most immigrants were Roman Catholics

40
Q

know nothings

A

they formed a secretive anti foreign society which evolved into a political organization
responded “I know nothing” to political questions

supported increasing time required for immigrants to gain citizenship from 5–>21 years, and allowing only native born citizens to hold office

41
Q

1850s rise of know nothings

A

as the whig party disintegrated, the know nothings gained strength in New England and the mid Atlantic states
1856, the party unsuccessfully ran former president millard fillmore

42
Q

1850s fall of know nothings

A

anti-foreign feeling faded in importance as sectional issues over slavery grew… but nativism periodically returns when native citizens begin feeling threatened by increasing in immigrations

43
Q

ethnic conflict beyond immigrants

A

native American Indians and mexican americans who became part of the us though settlement and expansion also faced religious discrimination

44
Q

Elias howe

A

invention of sewing machine took production of clothing out of homes and into factories

45
Q

Samuel f. b. morse

A

electric telegraph – went hand in hand with growth of railroads in enormously speeding up communication and transportation

46
Q

railroad

A

1820-1830s, replaced canal-building

emerged as America’s largest industry. required complex business organization.
- linked farmers in illinois and Iowa
-n

govt. helped it grow by granting special loans and tax breaks

47
Q

first grant to railroads

A

1850, us gov gave 26 million acres of federal land to build illinois central railraod

48
Q

panic of 1857

A

a financial panic caused a decrease in prices for midwestern agricultural products & increase in unemployment in northern cities

  • cotton prices remained high & south was less affected
  • south believed plantation economy was superior to northern economy
49
Q

fugitive slave law

A
  • helps owners track down runaway slaves who escaped to a northern state capture them
  • put fugitive slave cases under federal gov jusridiction
  • authorized us commissioners to issue warrants to arrest fugitives
  • denials right of trial by jury to captured people who claimed to be free
50
Q

opposition to fugitive slave law

A

anyone who hid a runaway or obstructed enforcement of law was subject to heavy penalities
- black and white activists bitterly resisted
- protected African americans from being taken into slavery

51
Q

underground railroad

A

a loose network of activists helping enslaved people escape to the north or canada
- those operating stations were free African americans or white abolitionists

52
Q

harriet tubman

A

most famous conductor
- escaped slavery
- 19 trips into the south to help some 300 people escape

53
Q

vigilance committees

A

free black citizens in the north and abolitionists organized these to protect fugitive slaves from slave catchers

54
Q

uncle tom’s cabin

A

most influential book of its day
- conflict between enslaved man tom and brutal slave owner Simon degree
- 1852, by Harriet Beecher stowe

55
Q

uncle tom’s cabin political influence

A
  • moved a generation of northerners and many europeans to regard all slave owners as cruel and inhuman
  • southerners called it untrue and looked at it as proof of incurable prejudice against southerners
56
Q

“so you’re the little woman who write the book hat made this Great War”

A

when Lincoln met stowe

57
Q

aunt phillis cabin

A

a pro-slavery novel in response to Stowe’s book
- written by Mary eastment
- portrayed a world of kind slaveowners and happily enslaved people

58
Q

impending crisis of the south

A

1857, Hinton r. helper
- attacked slavery from a statistical angle
- slavery weakened the souths economy
- southern states banned this but it was widely distributed in the north

59
Q

southern defense in slavery

A
  • slavery was good for the master and the enslaved
  • slavery was sanctioned by the Bible and grounded in philosophy and history
  • slavery was permitted by the us constitution
60
Q

wage slaves

A

southern authors contrasted wage slaves “northern wage workers” who were forced to work long hours with the “bonds” on plantations

61
Q

George fitzhugh

A

best known proslavery author
- questioned principle of equal rights for unequal man
- wage system “worse than slaveryu”
- sociology fort he south (1854) and cannibals all! (1857)

62
Q

secession of south carolina

A

southern democrats control senate and supreme court
lincoln election spooks the south
1860: sc votes to secede to protect slavery

63
Q

secession of deep south

A

shortly followed by → georgia, florida, alabama, mississippi, louisiana, texas

64
Q

formation of confederacy

A

shortly followed by → georgia, florida, alabama, mississippi, louisiana, texas
feb 1861: meeting of the states in montgomery alabama to form confederacy
mimics US constitution + restrictions of tariffs and slavery regulation

65
Q

lincoln enters office

A

after 1st round of secession
in the south’s hands is the issue of civil war. there will be no conflict unless they attack

66
Q

fort sumner

A

first conflict of civil war
- federal fort located in charleston south carolina
- cut off by southern secession
- lincoln sends provisions (supplies) but does not prepare to attack or defend. acts as if it is still a federally controlled fort

67
Q

attack on fort sumner

A

april 12, 1861 (civil war begins) (a month after lincoln takes office)
fort is attacked and falls after 2 days
official war → virginia, north carolina, tennessee, and arkansas join the confederacy after the war begins

68
Q

slave states in union

A

missouri, kentucky, and maryland were slave states but stayed in the union

US History I H (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions