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Biology > Unit 4-Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Unit 4-Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does glycolysis occur

A

Cytoplasm/cytosol

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2
Q

Where does the krebs cycle occur

A

Matrix

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3
Q

Where does the electron transport chain occur

A

Mitochondria

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4
Q

Main products of glycolysis

A

NADH, 2 ATP

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5
Q

Main products of Krebs cycle

A

NADH, FADH2, 2 ATP

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6
Q

Main products of ETC

A

ATP, H2O

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7
Q

Flow of carbon during cell resp.

A

Glycolysis—>pyruvate—>AcetylCoA—>CO2

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8
Q

Main products of the light reactions

A

O2, ATP, NADPH

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9
Q

Where does the Calvin cycle occur

A

Stroma

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10
Q

Product of Calvin cycle

A

Glucose

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11
Q

Reduction

A

Gains electrons

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12
Q

How does the level of H+ effect the Ph

A

The higher the H+ concentration the higher the acidity/lower the Ph

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13
Q

Flow of electrons in glycolysis

A

CO2
|
Glucose—>pyruvate—>AcetylCoA—>NADH
| | FADH2
2 NADH 2 NADH

All NADH and FADH2 ends glycolysis by attaching to oxygen to form water

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14
Q

Flow of electrons in photosynthesis

A

H+/e- —>chlorophyll—>NADPH—>glucose

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15
Q

Where does photosynthesis ETC occur

A

Thylokoid membrane

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16
Q

Where do the light reactions occur

A

In thylokoids

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17
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Has O2

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18
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of electrons

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19
Q

Glycolysis

A

Breaking down of glucose

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20
Q

Pyruvate

A

End product of glycolysis(3 carbons)

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21
Q

AcetylCoA

A
  • 2 carbons
  • produced during the link reaction(oxidation of pyruvate)
  • molecule that enters the krebs cycle
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22
Q

How many times does the krebs cycle turn

A

-1 per AcetylCoA(2 per glucose molecule)

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23
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

Without O2

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24
Q

Electron transport chain(ETC)

A
  • also known as oxidative phosphorylation
  • Produces the majority of the ATP
  • requires oxygen
25
Q

Chemiosmosis

A

The pumping of hydrogens from the matrix to the inner membrane

26
Q

Substrate level phosphorylation

A

Process of turning ADP into ATP in glycolysis

27
Q

ATP synthase

A
  • Produces the ATP

- powered by H+ flowing through it

28
Q

Thylokoids

A

Where light reactions occur

29
Q

Stroma

A

Inner liquid of thylokoids

30
Q

Chlorphyll

A

Pigment that causes plants to be green

31
Q

Photo system 2

A

Place where light hits electrons first and excites them

32
Q

Light reactions

A

Part of photosynthesis, dependant on light

33
Q

Calvin cycle

A

Part of photosynthesis, not dependant on light

34
Q

Photosystem 1

A
  • Spot where light hits electrons twice and excites them

- electrons create NADPH in the stroma

35
Q

G3P

A

A 3 carbon molecule with 2 phosphates attached

36
Q

Primary electron acceptor

A

Oxygen

37
Q

RuBP

A

“Fixes CO2 at the beginning of the Calvin cycle

38
Q

Steps of Calvin cycle

A
  1. Carbon fixation
  2. Reduction phase
  3. Regeneration phase
39
Q

Carbondioxide fixation

A

3 CO2 are bonded with RuBP by rubisco which “fixes” CO2 which allows it to be used

40
Q

Rubisco

A

Plant molecule

41
Q

Reduction phase

A
  • ATP and NADPH donate energy and hydrogen which attach to CO2.
  • ATP—>ADP+P1, NADPH—>NADP
  • Each turn of the Calvin cycle makes 1 G3P
  • After 2 turns the G3P combine to make glucose
42
Q

Regeneration phase

A

Cell regenerates RuBP to restart the Calvin cycle

43
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

Sunlight

H2O+CO2————>C6H12O6+O2

44
Q

Catabolic reactions

A
  • release energy
  • breaks stiff down
  • exergonic reaction
45
Q

Equation for glycolysis

A

C6H12O6+O2—–>CO2+H2O+ATP

46
Q

Where does the link reaction occur

A

Inner membrane space

47
Q

How is ATP created in glycolysis

A

Substrate level phosphorylation

48
Q

Anabolic reactions

A
  • energy is input
  • uses energy to build stuff
  • endergonic reaction
49
Q

Where are the proteins of the ETC located

A

Mitochondrial inner membrane

50
Q

Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ into which location

A

Mitochondrial inner membrane space

51
Q

The carbons present in glucose are converted to what after glycolysis

A

Pyruvate

52
Q

Light reaction steps

A
  1. Hydrogen and electrons are released from water
  2. sunlight hits chlorophyll in PS2 and excites electrons
  3. The electrons flow through the thylakoid membrane to produce the energy to pump the H+ into the lumin
  4. H+ diffuses through the ATP synthase and into the stroma. ATP synthase produces ATP
  5. Sunlight hits PS1 causing the electrons to attach to H+ and NADP to make NADPH in the stroma
53
Q

How to calculate the rate of reaction

A

Change in dependant variable divided by time

54
Q

Photon

A

Light

55
Q

Heterotroph

A

Has to consume food for energy

Ex. Humans

56
Q

Autotroph

A

Can make it’s own energy

57
Q

Photoautotroph

A

Makes it’s own energy through the sun

Ex. Plants

58
Q

Fermentation

A

Allows for cell to go through glycolysis by regenerating the NAD+. Done when there is no oxygen

59
Q

Lactic acid fermentation

A

What humans do

Biology (12 decks)

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