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Biology > Unit 8-biotech > Flashcards

Unit 8-biotech Flashcards

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1
Q

Operon

A

cluster of related genes that can be turned on and off

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2
Q

Trap operon

A

Repressible operon that is naturally on

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3
Q

How does the trp operon work

A

When there is enough of the substance being produced it acts as a corepressor that causes the repressor protein to bind to the operator to turn the operon off

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4
Q

Plasmids

A

circular pieces of DNA that can be transferred to prokaryotes

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5
Q

How does a plasmid enter bacteria

A

the bacteria enguls it

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6
Q

Gel electrophoresis

A

used to compare multiple samples of DNA

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7
Q

Parts of an operon

A

promoter-where RNA polymerase attaches to
Operator-the on/off switch
Gene-codes for enzymes

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8
Q

Lac operon

A

induce able operon that is naturally off

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9
Q

Mechanics of lac operon

A

repressor protein is normally attached to operator, when substance operon breaks down enters it acts as an inducer that causes the repressor to detach from the operator turning the operon on

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10
Q

DNA methylation

A

adding a methyl group to DNA to shut of the DNA or make it unable to be transcribe

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11
Q

Mechanics of gel electrophoresis

A

DNA is placed in gel which is then electrified, since a is negatively charged I was to go to the positive end. Since smaller pieces are able to travel farther you will be able to see the size of the DNA pieces and compare them to other samples of dna

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12
Q

Restriction enzyme

A

cuts the DNA at certain spots

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13
Q

What is PCR used for

A

amplifying the DNA, allows additional testing to occur

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14
Q

What is necessary for PCR

A

primers
Tac polymerase
Nucleotides
RNA polymerase

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15
Q

Histone acetylation

A

acetyl is added to histones to unwind the DNA and make it easier to access

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16
Q

PCR primers

A

bracket target sequence, and allow for RNA polymerase to attach

17
Q

Vectors

A

Fancy name for plasmid with inserted DNA

18
Q

Bacterial DNA

A
  • circular
  • no introns
  • not wrapped around histones(naked)
19
Q

Tac polymerase

A

allows DNA to survive being heated up during PCR

20
Q

Steps of PCR

A
  • heat up DNA
  • cool it down
  • duplicate it
21
Q

Why do you he at the DNA up during PCR

A

It breaks the hydrogen bonds

22
Q

What would a mutation in the protein that makes the repressor gene do

A

The operon would function without control

23
Q

Regulatory gene

A

produces the repressor gene

Biology (12 decks)

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