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Biology > Unit 4/5 Vocab Words > Flashcards

Unit 4/5 Vocab Words Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Autosomal

A

Not connected to a sex chromosome(inherited same way regardless of sex of parent or offspring)

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2
Q

Cancer

A

rapidly or controlled cell growth

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3
Q

Cell cycle

A

Process of which a cell grows(G0, S, G2, M)

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4
Q

Centrioles

A

produce spindle finers

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5
Q

Chromosomes

A

Contains genetic information(46 in humans)

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6
Q

Codominance

A

two traits share dominance(EX. AB blood type)

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7
Q

Crossing over

A

Chromosomes swapping DNA during meiosis

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8
Q

Crossover frequency

A

How often specific genes recombine with other genes

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9
Q

Cyclin dependent kinase

A

Regulate cell cycle

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10
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Separation of two daughter cells

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11
Q

Diploid

A

Contains 2 complete sets of chromosomes

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12
Q

Dominant

A

will show if present in genes

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13
Q

F1 generation

A

first generation after crossing 2 homozygous traits

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14
Q

F2 generation

A

generation that comes from crossing the F1 generation

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15
Q

Fertilization

A

Two gametes combining

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16
Q

Gametes

A

sex cells

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17
Q

Genotype

A

how your gene is (Ex. AA, Aa, as)

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18
Q

Haploid

A

having half the number of chromosomes(Ex. Sex cells)

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19
Q

Heterozygous

A

Dominant and recessive gene present

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20
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

One allele is not fully expressed over the other and phenotype is a combination of the two(Ex. Red+white=pink)

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21
Q

Independent assortment

A

chromosomes can line up in any order during metaphase

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22
Q

Homologous chromosome

A

Matching chromosomes from mom and dad pairing up

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23
Q

Interphase

A

Where cell spends most of it’s life(G1, S, G2)

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24
Q

Mieosis

A

creation of sex cells(creates 4 genetically different gametes)

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25
Q

Metaphase

A

chromosomes line up in center of cell

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26
Q

Nuclear division

A

Division of the nucleus

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27
Q

Mitosis

A

cell division(creates 2 identical daughter cells)

28
Q

Recombination

A

Swapping DNA from one chromosome to another bc of crossing over

29
Q

Segregation

A

Pairs of gene variants are operated into different cells

30
Q

Somatic cell

A

Regular body cells(not sex cells)

31
Q

Synapsis

A

Fusion of chromosomes at the start of mieosis

32
Q

Synthesis

A

S-phase(duplication of DNA)

33
Q

Telophase

A

Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nucleus are formed

34
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

determines sex(X and Y)

35
Q

Sex linked

A

Genes carried on sex chromosomes(often on the X chromosome in humans)

36
Q

Amino acid

A

form to build proteins

37
Q

Anticodon

A

Sequence of 3 nucleotides in tRNA that correspond with nucleotides in the mRNA

38
Q

Base pairing rules

A

A-T, G-C

39
Q

Coding strand

A

strand of DNA that is identical to RNA that is being transcribed

40
Q

Codon

A

group of 3 nucleotides(A, T, C, G)

41
Q

DNA

A

double helix

Deoxyribonucleic acid

42
Q

DNA polymerase

A

Adds nucleotides to strand(starts of 3’ end and creates new strand from 5’-3’

43
Q

DNA replication

A

Producing to identical copies of a strand of DNA

44
Q

Exons

A

Coding sections of the DNA

45
Q

Genetic code

A

Sequence of codes(codons) that refer to a specific amino acid

46
Q

Helicase

A

unzips DNA

47
Q

Inducable genes

A

usually off and can be turned on

48
Q

Introns

A

non-coding sections of DNA

49
Q

Lagging strand

A

strand being duplicated backward to the helicase(duplicated in segments)

50
Q

Leading strand

A

duplicated continuously

51
Q

Micro RNA

A

Non-coding RNA, regulates gene expression

52
Q

Mutation

A

Changing the structure of a gene

53
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Store genetic information

54
Q

Nucleotides

A

Form basic structure of DNA

55
Q

Okazaki fragmaents

A

fragments of duplicated DNA on lagging strand

56
Q

Replication fork

A

Created when helicase unzips DNA

57
Q

Protein

A

amino acids form from genetic coding

4 levels of structure(primary, secondary, tertiary, quarternary)

58
Q

Repressor

A

turned a gene of(stops it from being codes)

59
Q

MRNA

A

messenger RNA, RNA sequence that corresponds to a specific DNA sequence

60
Q

tRNA

A

transport RNA, adaptor molecule that links amino acids together based on the mRNA

61
Q

rRNA

A

Ribosomal RNA, non-coding, carries out protein synthesis in ribosomes

62
Q

Start codon

A

MET, where the DNA coding starts

63
Q

Stop codon

A

let’s the cell know to stop coding the DNA

64
Q

Transcription

A

DNA to RNA

65
Q

Transcription factors

A

Molecules that signal where to begin transcription

66
Q

Translation

A

RNA to amino acids

Biology (12 decks)

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