Unit 2 Vocab

Question 1

Amphipathic

Answer 1

Has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts

Question 2

Apoptosis

Answer 2

Normal/controlled cell death as part of cell life and growth

Question 3

Aquaporin

Answer 3

Water transport channels/proteins

Question 4

Carrier protein

Answer 4

Responsible for facilitated diffusion of specific molecules through membrane(revolving door)

Question 5

Cell walls

Answer 5

Rigid layer surrounding cells(not animals)

Question 6

Centrioles

Answer 6

Organelle near nucleus, produces spindle fibers for cell division

Question 7

Channel protein

Answer 7

Channel that assist with facilitated diffusion(hallway)

Question 8

Chloroplast

Answer 8

In plants, where photosynthesis takes place

Question 9

Cytoplasm

Answer 9

Gelatinous fluid in a cell surrounding organelles

Question 10

Cytoskeleton

Answer 10

Network of protein filaments and tubules giving cells shape

Question 11

Diffusion

Answer 11

Movement of solute or molecules(usually from high to low concentration)

Question 12

Endocytosis

Answer 12

Taking in of large amounts of matter by a cell through its membrane

Question 13

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

Network of tubules, can have ribosomes

Question 14

Golgi apparatus

Answer 14

Packages and transports materials throughout and in/out the cell(ups)

Question 15

Hypertonic

Answer 15

Higher solute level

Question 16

Hypotonic

Answer 16

Lower solute level

Question 17

Isotonic

Answer 17

Balanced level of solute in and out of cell

Question 18

Ligand

Answer 18

A molecule that produces a signal by binding to a protein

Question 19

Lysosome

Answer 19

Eats toxins within the cell(also known as suicide sack)

Question 20

Membrane

Answer 20

This layer around a cell that determines what goes in and out of the cell

Question 21

Mitochondrion

Answer 21

Site of cellular respiration

Question 22

Nuclear envelop

Answer 22

Membrane around the nucleus

Question 23

Phospholipid

Answer 23

Lipids with hydrophilic(polar) head and hydrophobic(non polar) tail

Question 24

Plasma membrane

Answer 24

Membrane around the cell, made of phospholipid bilayer

Question 25

Plasmolysis

Answer 25

Contraction of the protoplasm of a plant as a result of water loss

Question 26

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 26

Single cell organism, lacks distinct nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Question 27

Ribosome

Answer 27

Produce proteins

Question 28

Rough ER

Answer 28

Contains ribosomes

Question 29

Selectively permeable

Answer 29

Membrane that allows small non polar molecules through easily

Question 30

Exocytosis

Answer 30

Transport of large amounts of material out of the cell through the membrane

Question 31

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 31

Has a clearly defined nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Question 32

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 32

Type of simple diffusion that uses proteins to transport polar molecules through the membrane

Question 33

Flagella

Answer 33

Structure that allows Protozoa and other microscopic organisms to swim(like a tail)

Question 34

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 34

How scientist describes the cell membranes look and function (made up of different parts)

Question 35

Nucleus

Answer 35

Where genetic information is stored, gives directions to the rest of the cell

Question 36

Organelles

Answer 36

Specialized structures within a cell

Question 37

Osmosis

Answer 37

Diffusion of water

Question 38

Passive transport

Answer 38

Transport along concentration gradient, requires no energy

Question 39

Phagocytosis

Answer 39

Phagocyte(whit blood cell) destroys and removes a foreign substance

Question 40

Surface area to volume ration

Answer 40

Surface area/volume= surface area:volume ration(higher the ratio the better EX.6>5)

Question 41

Transmembrane protein

Answer 41

Protein that spans entire membrane and helps with facilitated diffusion(carrier and channel proteins

Question 42

Vacuole

Answer 42

Vehicle within cytoplasm containing fluid