UNIT 4 -AOS1B Flashcards
sustainable human development
is a process of people striving to achieve their full potential, lead productive lives, expand their choices and meet their needs w/o compromising the opportunities for future generations
sustainability
meeting the needs of the present w/o compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
human development
creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential, lead productive, creative lives in accord with their needs + interests
expanding peoples choices and capabilities, having access to knowledge, health, decent standards of living + participating in the life of their community + decisions affecting their lives.
poverty
a condition characterised by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including: food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health,shelter and education .
measured by people living on less than 1.25 a day or below poverty line
global health
the health of populations in a worldwide context that goes beyond the perspectives and concerns of individual countries. Global health is about international collaborative approach to achieving equity in health of all people worldwide.
name Goal 1
No Poverty
describe goal 1 - No Poverty
- aims to eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere by 2030, measured by people living under $1.25 per day
- aims to ensure all people have equal rights and access to social protection systems, essential resources, financial services and ownership of land
goal 1 - no poverty, why is it important ?
- millions of people globally are still living in extreme poverty meaning they experience deprivation on:shelter, affording food, healthcare, safe water/ sanitation + education
- results in high rates of morbidity + mortality
- less able to participate in making decisions which affect lives, or experience discrimination/exclusion from society
- reduced capacity to develop economy allowing poverty to continue
name goal 2
Zero Hunger
describe goal 2 - zero hunger
- aims to end all forms of hunger, malnutrition by ensuring access to safe, nutritious foods all year round, improving food security
- aims to improve sustainable agriculture productivity, including adaptions to climate change
goal 2 - zero hunger, why is it important ?
- millions of people still globally experience chronic hunger and malnutrition. Resulting in high mortality rates in children
- malnutrition and hunger results in stunting and a weakened immune system resulting in increased morbidity
- due to increase in morbidity, less likely to attend school + adults unable to work to earn income contributing to cycle of poverty and hunger
- food systems are being degraded, resulting in reduced supply of nutrition
name goal 3
Good health and well being
describe goal 3 - Good health and well being
- aims to improve physical and mental health d well being in all countries by reducing morbidity and mortality rates
- aims to reduce: maternal, infant , U5MR, premature mortality from both communicable + non communicable diseases (AIDS, malaria, water borne diseases)
- reduce injuries and mortality from road trauma and substance abuse
- aims to ensure universal health cover (health care, medications,vaccines) and access to contraception and reproductive health
goal 3 - Good health and well being, why is it important ?
- millions of people still die globally from preventable causes, such as communicable: HIV/AIDS, malaria and non communicable: CVD
- maternal mortality rates are high due to lack of access to antenatal health care
- infant and child mortality rates, which could be prevented through: access to clean water + sanitation, nutritious foods, healthcare, vaccines
- mental health conditions , road trauma, substance abuse contributes to BOD
name goal 4
quality education
describe goal 4 - Quality education
- aims to ensure all girls and boys have access to quality education, from pre primary through to tertiary. Completing of free primary and secondary education
- aims to ensure all people receive education to ensure numeracy + literacy, including the vulnerable
- aims to increase skills for employment and decent jobs
- upgrade education facilities, including qualified teachers
goal 4 - Quality education, why is it important ?
- millions of children in developing countries who don’t attend school and low literacy/numeracy levels
- reduced literacy and numeracy often results in reducing ability to have meaningful paid employment, resulting in poverty
- reduced levels of education, reduces health knowledge. Increasing chances of illness
- girls and womens are less likely to receive education, contributing to gender in equality and poverty
- increased universal education at all levels, increases ability to earn income, reduce poverty and improve countries ability to provide for its citizens, helping achieve sustainable human development
name Goal 5
Gender equality
describe Goal 5 - Gender Equality
- aims to ensure equal opportunities for both males and females in all areas of life, including leadership in decision making and access to economic/ natural resources
- aims to end all forms of discrimination, violence + harmful practices against women everyone (including trafficking/forced marriage)
- access to sexual and reproductive health and rights
Goal 5 - Gender equality - why is it important
- millions of women and girls continue to suffer discrimination/violence
- gender equality is necessary for foundation for peaceful, prosperous sustainable world
- providing females with equal access to education, health care, decent work and representation in political positions will contribute to sustainable economies + contribute to sustainable human development
name Goal 6
Clean water + Sanitation
describe goal 6 - Clean water + sanitation
- aims to achieve universal access to safe drinking water, sanitation for all people
- aims to improve water quality by reducing contaminants as well as increase water use efficiency to promote sustainability
- aims to support participation of local communities n improving water and sanitation management
goal 6 - clean water and sanitation - why is it important?
- millions of people globally lack of access to clean, safe water and sanitation. Resulting in preventable illness, high mortality rates, especially children
- water scarcity, poor water quality + inadequate sanitation negatively impacts on food security, livelihood choices + ability to earn income/ education opportunities.
- drought worsens availability of water, increasing hunger and malnutrition
- by 2050 at least 1 in 4 are likely to live in country affected by chronic or recurring shortages of fresh water
explain sustainable human development
meeting todays needs and planning the country’s growth w/o creating problems or depletion resources for future
eg. over fishing, over forest logging
Economic Sustainability
relates to capacity of future generations to earn an income and the efficient use of resources to allow economic growth over time.
literacy program
WE BLOOM - CARE AUSTRALIA (NGO)
reasons:
- more than 70% of worlds out of school population is female
- In cambodia women take roles within home
- girls are less likely to attend school + don’t have the same employment opportunities
implementation:
- Australia works w/ those in Cambodia who don’t have opportunity to attend school due to lack of funds
- provides young women with skills to access job opportunities
- enabling better income + consequential better health
food security program
PROJECT PEANUT BUTTER - MULTILATERAL (WHO,UN,INDEPENDENT)
reasons:
- in order to treat children who are severely malnourished/may experience edema
- Implemented in 2004 Malawa (africa)
implementation:
- peanut based formula
- made from key ingredients locally sourced
- local people empowered as they are given to knowledge to increase sustainability as local people take over once aid has left
- involves check ups every 2 weeks
HIV/AIDS program
POSITIVE LIVING PROJECT - NGO World Vision
reasons:
- reduce incidence of HIV
- improve care for people living w/ HIV/AIDS
- minimise social/economic impact of illness on individuals, families, communities
implementation:
World Vision runs drop in centre in Port Moresby that offers:
- free testings, information/ initial counselling for people wanting to confirm HIV status
- additional counselling, support and training programs for those HIV positive
malaria programs
END MALARIA CAMPAIGN - NGO - World Vision
reasons:
- leading cause of death in developing countries
- african countries experience highest rate U5MR
- nearly 200 000 newborn deaths result from mother contracting malaria during pregnancy
implementation:
- working in Uganda to reduce rate of malaria infections during pregnancy
focus includes:
- educating local people in relation to importance of slashing vegetation from around home/ removing environments which promote mosquito breeding
- nets provided to prevent bites at night, which they otherwise couldn’t afford
safe water + sanitation program
DEVELOPING WELLS + PUMPS IN NIGER - NGO - World Vision
reason:
- drought stricken areas rely on underground supply of water
- wells can become contaminated from water spilt
- collection of water is difficult, far from communities affecting spinal health and less opportunity for education or work
implementation:
- World vision has implemented:
- wells fitted w/ pumps to make collection easier
- trucks drill into ground + install pumps to make larger collection easier
- pump reduces human labour
- allows women + children to work/attend school
- reduces contamination
immunisation program
WORLD VISIONS’S TOGETHER FOR CHILD HEALTH PROGRAM - NGO World Vision
reasons:
- lack of knowledge + access to healthcare/immunisation leads to increased prevalence of: diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, measles increasing morbidity
implementation:
- training + supporting community health workers on importance of immunisation to ensure wellbeing for child and how and when the immunisations can be accessed
Social Sustainability
relates to future generations having the same improved access to social resources
eg. human rights, political stability, education
Environmental Sustainability
Relates to ensuring the natural environment is utilised in a way that will preserve resources into future.
Human activities should use natural resources only at a rate that allows resources to replenish for future generations
sanitation
refers to the safe disposal of human waste, as well as maintenance of hygienic conditions through:
garbage collection
disposal of waste water
gender equality
refers to a situation where women + men have the same level of power + control over all aspects of their lives
food security
ensuring people have access to nutritious food
