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3/4 Health and Human Development > UNIT 4 - AOS 2 > Flashcards

UNIT 4 - AOS 2 Flashcards

1
Q

global health

A

the health of populations in a worldwide context that goes beyond the perspectives and concerns of individual countries.
Global health is about an international collaborative approach to achieving equity in health for all people worldwide

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2
Q

list 4 types of aid

A
  • emergency/humanitarian
  • bilateral
  • multilateral
  • NGO
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3
Q

emergency/humanitarian aid

A
  • meet the immediate needs affected by crisis
  • short term
  • providing basic human needs
    eg, natural disasters, needing: food + shelter
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4
Q

bilateral aid

A
  • aid from one government to another
  • usually to implement program
  • consolation with government receiving aid
    eg, immunisation or infrastructure programs
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5
Q

multilateral aid

A
  • longterm and reaches those who need it most
  • promotes global health to improve health status
  • programs which are sustained provide sustainable human development
  • usually provided through international organisation e.g., UN
  • funding for transitional issues e.g., global warming
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6
Q

NGO aid

A
  • non profit organisation working to promote H + HD, operating seperate from government
  • focuses on meeting health needs
  • often work in collaboration with government
  • have access to rural areas
  • provide aid directly to people running development projects e.g., world vision
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7
Q

who is DFAT + what do they provide

A

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade

  • promote australians national interests by contributing to sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction
  • through DFAT government provides aid to developing countries
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8
Q

how does australia provide funds fro multilateral aid

A

through international organisations e.g.. United Nations

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9
Q

who does australia provide provide bilateral aid to and what for

A

PNG

- for material resources to sustain crops and increase income

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10
Q

list 6 priority areas of aid initiatives

A
  1. Infrastructure, Trade Facilitation + International Competitiveness
  2. Education + Health
  3. Gender Equality + Empowering Women + Girls
  4. Effective Governance: Policies, Institutions, Functioning Economies
  5. Building Resilience: Humanitarian assistance, Disaster, Risk Reduction + Social Protection
  6. Agriculture Fisheries + Water
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11
Q

Australian aid initiative priority - Education + Health

A
  • critical to improving lives of all people, especially poor
  • education to overcome poverty
  • health challenges w/ introduction of double burden of disease in developing countries
  • health improved by access to :
    food, safe water + treatment of illness
  • education critical to improve healthy behaviours
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12
Q

Australian aid initiative aid priority - Gender Equality + empowering Women + Girls

A
  • lack the same opportunities available for men + boys e.g. education, employment, decisions
  • empowering benefits entire community
  • due to: higher income, greater levels of income and wealthier families
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13
Q

What is the UN

A

international organisation whose purpose is to bring all nations of world together to work for peace + development
based on the principles of: justice, human dignity + wellbeing for all people

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14
Q

agencies within UN

A
  • WHO
  • UNICEF
  • World Bank
  • WFP
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15
Q

UN: areas of action

A
  1. promoting world peace and security
  2. promoting human rights
  3. promoting humanitarian assistance
  4. promoting social + economic development
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16
Q

UN action areas - Promoting World Peace + Security

A
  • the maintenance of international peace + security
  • conflict prevention
  • peace making, keeping and building
  • peacekeepers: seperate opposing forces
  • issue ceasefire: to prevent ongoing conflict
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17
Q

UN action areas - Promoting Human Rights

A
  • universal declaration is document which sets out basic rights + freedoms to which all men + women are entitled to
  • governments apart of Un expected to enforce the human rights
  • UN works to promote and protect rights
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18
Q

examples of human rights

A
  1. freedom from slavery
  2. equal treatment before law
  3. security
  4. freedom
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19
Q

what are human rights

A

the conditions and entitlements that every human is entitled to regardless of : age, race ,gender , sexual orientation, country, religion

20
Q

UN action areas - promoting humanitarian assistance

A
  • to developing countries in time of crisis
  • provide necessary aid such as food shelter e.g. safe and nutritious food
  • coordinate responses e.g., UNICEF
21
Q

UN action areas - promoting social + economic development

A
  • promoting higher standards of living: full employment, economic/social progress
  • identify solutions to economic and social health problems
  • UN aims to eradicate poverty + improve well being of all people
22
Q

what is the UNDP and what do they provide

A

UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

  • created sustainable development goals to reduce inequalities in health
  • works with developing countries to eradicate extreme poverty
23
Q

what is the UNICEF what do they provide

A

UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN FUND

  • respond to emergency situations
  • develop programs to provide protection for all children, especially those excluded
24
Q

what is the WFP and what do they provide

A

WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME

  • respond to cris situations to provide food for people to survive
  • introduces programme to encourage increased access to food in developing countries
25
Q

WHO role

A

direct + coordinate international health within UN

26
Q

WHO aim

A

to promote global health and enhance global health security e.g.. with outbreaks

27
Q

list leadership priorities of WHO (6)

A
  1. universal health coverage
  2. international health regulations
  3. increasing access to medical products
  4. social, economic + environmental determinants
  5. non communicable diseases
  6. health related millennium development goals
28
Q

who priorities - universal health coverage

A
  • access to services to achieve good health
  • financial protection to prevent ill health leading to poverty
  • requires strong + efficient health system
  • access to essential medicines
29
Q

who priorities - international health regulations

A
  • promotes health security

- help international community + respond to public health risks

30
Q

who priorities - increasing access to medical products

A
  • equity in public health w/ access to essential, high quality + affordable medical technologies
  • improve access to medical products to achieve universal health coverage
    eg, supporting governments w/ fundings of medicine
31
Q

who priorities - social, economic + environmental determinants

A
  • improve health outcomes
  • increase healthy life expectancy
  • requires actions across determinants associated w/ ill health + inequity
  • addressing determinants e.g.. education reduces ill health + promotes good health
32
Q

who priorities - non communicable diseases

A
  • rise of non communicable diseases = devastating consequences
  • threatens to overwhelm health system
  • need to be addressed to ensure healthcare is sustainable
33
Q

who priorities - health related millennium development goals

A
  • world must sustain gains made towards 2015 MDG
  • create equal levels of achievement across goals
  • health related MDG
  • reduce child mortality, improve maternal health and combat HIV/AIDS, malaria + other diseases
34
Q

Australian aid priority - Infrastructure, trade facilitation + international competitiveness

A
  • improving infrastructure through provision of :
    transport, safe water, = health + trade
  • increases economic development including global trade, achievable through infrastructure
35
Q

Australian aid priority - Effective governance, policies, institutions and functioning economies

A
  • stable/productive governments = economic growth, trade + health
  • build a skilled, productive and healthy workforce for individuals to earn incomes
36
Q

Australian aid priority - Building resilience: Humanitarian assistance, disaster risk reduction + social protection

A
  • humanitarian assistance in crisis
  • save lives, alleviate suffering + maintain human dignity
  • plans for countries to reduce risk of potential disasters
37
Q

Australian aid priority - Agriculture, Fisheries + water

A
  • provides employment + income for workers
  • improves economic development through exporting
  • improve management of resources to preserve for future generations
38
Q

programs - literacy

A

WE BLOOM - CARE AUSTRALIA (NGO)
- 70% of out of school population is girls
- cambodia, women usually take roles around home rather than education
- girls are less likely to attend school + receive opportunities
IMPLEMENTATION
- australia works w/ those in Cambodia with funds to send girls to school
- provides them w/ opportunities for income + better health

39
Q

programs - HIV/AIDS

A

POSITIVE LIVING PROJECT - NGO World Vision
reasons:
- reduce incidence of HIV
- improve care for people living w/ HIV/AIDS
- minimise social/economic impact of illness on individuals, families, communities

implementation:
World Vision runs drop in centre in Port Moresby that offers:
- free testings, information/ initial counselling for people wanting to confirm HIV status
- additional counselling, support and training programs for those HIV positive

40
Q

programs - malaria

A

END MALARIA CAMPAIGN - NGO - World Vision

reasons:
- leading cause of death in developing countries
- african countries experience highest rate U5MR
- nearly 200 000 newborn deaths result from mother contracting malaria during pregnancy

implementation:
- working in Uganda to reduce rate of malaria infections during pregnancy
focus includes:
- educating local people in relation to importance of slashing vegetation from around home/ removing environments which promote mosquito breeding
- nets provided to prevent bites at night, which they otherwise couldn’t afford

41
Q

programs - immunisation

A

WORLD VISIONS’S TOGETHER FOR CHILD HEALTH PROGRAM - NGO World Vision

reasons:
- lack of knowledge + access to healthcare/immunisation leads to increased prevalence of: diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, measles increasing morbidity

implementation:
- training + supporting community health workers on importance of immunisation to ensure wellbeing for child and how and when the immunisations can be accessed

42
Q

list elements of sustainability

A
  • appropriateness
  • affordability
  • equity
43
Q

elements of sustainability - appropriateness

A
  • meet the needs of the people it is designed for
  • involves local community
  • empowers people w/ knowledge + skills
  • respect cultural values
44
Q

elements of sustainability - affordability

A
  • need to be financially sustainable
  • affordable implementation
  • affordable in long term (little ongoing costs)
  • funded by governments or NGO
45
Q

element of sustainability - equity

A
  • provide communities w/ equal access to services regardless of age, gender or religion
  • available to all
  • reach the most in need
  • focus on those in rural areas to be financially sustainable
46
Q

oxfam program

A

to provide humanitarian assistance in crisis

3/4 Health and Human Development (8 decks)

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