UNIT 4 - AOS 1A Flashcards
developed country
a country that has progressed adequately with regard to economic, mortality and demographic indicators
developing countries
a country that has not progressed adequately with regard to economic, demographic and mortality indicators
economic characteristics + examples of developed
A range of factors relating to the financial or economic state of a country can influence the opportunities and resources that are available for its citizens
eg:
- wide range of industries
- many opportunities for global trade
- high average incomes
- low international debt
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
A measure that reflects the economic state of a
country. It is the value of all goods and services produced in a country over 12 month period
Gross National Income (GNI)
a measure that reflects the economic state of a country. GNI is the total income generated by a country in 12 month period, once expenses owed to other countries are paid.
Social Characteristics + examples of developed
associated with developed and developing countries.
eg:
- gender equality
- low birth rates
- high levels of employment/education
- social security systems
- developed health systems
- access to technology
- developed legal systems
- no history of colonisation
Environmental Characteristics + examples of developed
characteristics of the environment contribute to the level of development experienced in all countries.
- safe water and sanitation
- access to food
- adequate housing
- adequate infrastructure
Human Development
Creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives in accord with their needs and interests.
It is about expanding people’s choices and enhancing capabilities, having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living, and participating in the life of their community and decisions affecting their lives.
Human Development Index
A tool developed by the United Nations to measure and rank countries level of social and economic development.
It provides a single statistic based on three dimensions - health - education - living standards and four indicators: - life expectancy at birth - mean years of schooling - expected years of schooling - GNI
dimensions of human development index
- health
- education
- living standards
indicators of human development index
- life expectancy at birth
- mean years of schooling
- expected years of schooling
- GNI
HDI - very high
developed
eg: Australia, UK,Japan
HDI - High
developing
eg: Russia,mexico, china
HDI - Medium
developing
eg: Indonesia, South Africa
HDI - Low
developing
eg: PNG, Niger
Mortality Strata (WHO)
classifies according to mortality strata
Further method of analysing whether a country may be considered developed or developing by looking at mortality state classification
Developed five levels of mortality strata,
determined by analysing country’s
child and adult mortality rate
(male adult 15-59)
STRATUM A
Child Mortality - very low
Adult Mortality - very low
Australia, UK, Japan, Canada, USA
STRATUM B
Child Mortality - low
Adult Mortality - low
China, Indonesia, Mexico
STRATUM C
Child Mortality - low
Adult Mortality - high
Russia, Ukraine
STRATUM D
Child Mortality - high
Adult Mortality - high
Iraq, Morocco, Peru
STRATUM E
Child Mortality - high
Adult Mortality - very high
Ethiopia, Kenya
Sustainability
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
dimensions of sustainability
- economic sustainability
- social sustainability
- environmental sustainability
economic sustainability
relates to capacity of future generations to earn an income and the efficient use of resources to allow economic growth over time.
social sustainability
relates to future generations having the same improved access to social resources
eg. human rights, political stability, education
environmental sustainability
relates to ensuring the natural environment is utilised in a way that will preserve resources into future.
Human activities should use natural resources only at a rate that allows resources to replenish for future generations
global marketing
is the advertising and selling of goods and services all across the world. Examples of goods include: alcohol, tobacco and fat/processed foods.
