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3/4 Health and Human Development > EXAM DEFINITIONS > Flashcards

EXAM DEFINITIONS Flashcards

1
Q

behavioural determinants - define

A
  • actions or patterns of living of an individual or group
  • that impacts on health
  • such as: smoking, sexual activity, participation in physical activity, eating practices
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2
Q

Bilateral Aid - define

A
  • where aid is given by one country directly to another

- An example of bilateral aid is when Australia provides aid to east timor

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3
Q

Biological determinants - define

A
  • Factors relating to the body that impact on health

- such as genetics, hormones, body weight, blood pressure, cholesterol levels

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4
Q

Biomedical model of health - define

A
  • Focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness
  • it is a medical model of care practised by doctors and health professionals
  • is associated w/ diagnosis, cure and treatment of disease
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5
Q

Burden of Disease - define

A
  • A measure of the impact of disease and injuries
  • Specifically it measures the gap between current health status + ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease + disability
  • B.O.D is measured in a unit known as DALYS
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6
Q

Determinants of Health - define

A
  • Factors that raise of lower a level of health in a population or individual
  • help to explain or predict trends
  • and why some groups have better or worse health than others
  • may be classified in many ways such as: biological, behavioural, physical environment + social
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7
Q

Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) - define

A
  • a measure of burden of disease
  • one DALY = one year of healthy life lost due to premature death
    + time lived w/ illness, disease, injury
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8
Q

Emergency Aid - define

A
  • the rapid assistance given to people or countries in immediate distress to relieve suffering
  • during and after man made emergencies such as wars and natural disasters such as flood,tsunami or earthquake
  • also can be called humanitarian aid
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9
Q

Food Security - deine

A
  • The state in which all people obtain nutritionally adequate, culturally appropriate, safe food regularly
  • through local non emergency sources
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10
Q

Global Health - define

A
  • The health of populations in a worldwide context
  • that goes beyond perspectives + concerns of individual countries
  • Global Health is about an international collaborative approach to achieving equity in health for all people worldwide
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11
Q

Health - define

A

A complete state of physical, social and mental wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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12
Q

Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)- define

A
  • A measure of B.O.D based on L.E at birth
  • BUT including an adjustment for tie spent in poor health.
  • It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live
  • based on current rates of ill health + mortality
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13
Q

Health Status - define

A
  • An individual or populations overall health, taking into account various aspects
  • such as life expectancy, amount of disability + levels of disease risk factor
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14
Q

Human Development - define

A
  • Creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and
  • Lead productive , creative lives in accord w/ their needs + interests
  • it is about Expanding people choices + Enhancing capabilities
  • having Access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living and
  • Participating in the life of their community and decisions affecting their lives.
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15
Q

Human Development Index - define

A
  • A tool developed by the UN
  • to measure + rank countries levels of SOCIAL and ECONOMIC development
  • provides a single statistic based on three dimensions
    1. health 2. education 3. living standards
  • and four indicators
    1. L.E at birth 2. mean years of schooling 3. expected years of schooling 3. GNI per capita
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16
Q

Life Expectancy - define

A
  • an indication of how long a person can expect to live
  • it is the number of years of life remaining at a particular age
  • if death rates do not change
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17
Q

Mental Dimension of Health - define

A
  • state of wellbeing in which the individual realises his/her own abilities
  • can cope w/ the normal stresses of life
  • can work productively and fruitfully
  • and is able to make a contribution to his/her community
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18
Q

Morbidity - define

A
  • refers to ill health in an individual

- and the levels of ill health in a population or group

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19
Q

Mortality Strata

A
  • WHO classifies countries into 5 mortality strata
  • based on the mortality rates of children under 5
  • and adult males aged 19-59
    The five strata are:
    STRATA - CHILD MORTALITY - ADULT MORTALITY
    A - very low - very low
    B - low - low
    C - low - high
    D - high - high
    E - high - very high
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20
Q

Multilateral Aid - define

A
  • where aid is provided through an international organisation
  • such as the world bank, UN or WHO
  • Multilateral aid combines donations from a number of countries and then distributes them to recipients
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21
Q

NHPAS define

A
  • a collaborative initiative endorsed by the commonwealth and all state + territory governments
  • seeks to focus the health sectors attention on diseases or conditions that have a major impact on the health of australians
  • represent the disease groups with the largest B.O.D and potential costs to the Australian Community
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22
Q

Non Government Organisation Aid define

A
  • NGO’s take different approaches to aid
  • which include specific projects or programs
  • emergency aid, volunteering, education + development
  • the aid provided often focus on communities
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23
Q

Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion - define

A
  • An approach to health development by WHO
  • attempts to reduce inequities in health
  • developed from the social model of health
  • defines health promotion as
    “the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health”
  • identifies 3 basic strategies for health promotion
    1. enabling
    2. mediating
    3.advocacy
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24
Q

Physical Dimension of Health - define

A
  • relates to the efficient functioning of the body and its systems
  • includes the physical capacity to perform everyday tasks + physical fitness
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25
Q

Physical Environment - define

A
  • the physical surroundings in which we live, work + play

- includes: water and air, workplaces,housing,roads,nature,schools,recreation settings + exposure to hazards

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26
Q

prevalence - define

A
  • the number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition
  • present in a population at a given time
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27
Q

social determinants - define

A
  • aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health
  • poverty, early life experiences, social networks and support
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28
Q

social development - define

A

The increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships w/ other people

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29
Q

Social dimension of health - define

A
  • A conceptual framework
  • improvements in health + wellbeing are achieved by directing effort towards addressing the social, economic and environmental determinants of health
  • model is based on understanding that in order for health gains to occur
  • social,economic + environmental determinants must be addressed
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30
Q

Sustainability - define

A

meeting the needs of the present w/o compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

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31
Q

U5MR - define

A
  • the number of deaths of children under 5 years of age

- per 1000 live births

32
Q

Values that underpin the health care system

A 
SEECARS 
SAFE 
EFFECTIVE 
EFFICENT 
CONTINUOUS 
ACCESSIBLE 
RESPONSIVE 
SUSTAINABLE
33
Q

youth - define

A
  • 12 to 18 years of age

- however, it should be acknowledged that classifications for the stage of youth can differ across agencies

34
Q

principles of social model

A

AREAS

  • Addresses broader determinants of health
  • Reduce social inequities
  • Empowers individual/community
  • Acts to enable access to health care
  • Involves interSectoral collaboration
35
Q

ottawa charter - strategies

A
  1. enabling
  2. mediating
  3. advocacy
36
Q

ottawa charter elements/action areas

A 
bad cats smell dead rats - BCSDR 
B - build healthy public policy 
C - create supportive environments 
S - strengthen community action 
D - develop personal skills 
R - reorient health services
37
Q

VICHEALTH - mission

A

PRISS
P- promote fairness + opportunity for health
R - recognise that social + economic conditions for all people influence their health
I - in partnership w/ others to promote good health
S - support initiatives that assist individuals, communities, workplaces + broader society to improve wellbeing
S - seek to prevent chronic conditions for all victorians

38
Q

Australian dietary guidelines

A
  1. to achieve + maintain a healthy weight, be physically active + choose amounts of nutritious foods and drinks to meet energy needs
  2. enjoy a wide variety nutritious foods from the five food groups everyday + drink plenty of water
  3. limit intake of foods containing: saturated fats, added salt, sugar and alcohol
  4. encourage, support and promote breastfeeding
  5. care for your food, prepare and store safely
39
Q

SDG 1

A

no poverty

40
Q

SDG 2

A

zero hunger

41
Q

SDG 3

A

good health + wellbeing

42
Q

SDG 4

A

quality education

43
Q

SDG 5

A

gender equality

44
Q

SDG 6

A

clean water + sanitation

45
Q

SDG 8

A

decent work + economic growth

46
Q

SDG 16

A

peace + justice

47
Q

Australian Government aid priorities

A
  • infrastructure, trade facilitation + international competitiveness
  • education + health
  • gender equality + empowering women + girls
  • effective governance: policies, institutions, functioning economies
  • building resilience: humanitarian assistance, disaster risk reduction + social protection
  • agriculture fisheries + water
48
Q

UN action areas

A
  • promoting world peace + security
  • promoting human rights
  • providing humanitarian assistance
  • promoting social + economic development
49
Q

WHO priorities

A
  1. universal health coverage
  2. international health regulations
  3. increasing access to medical products
  4. social, economic, environmental determinants
  5. non communicable diseases
  6. health related millennium development goals
50
Q

SHD

A

a process of people striving to achieve their full potential, lead productive lives, expand their choices + meet their needs w/o compromising the opportunities for future generations
HEALTH/HEALTH STATUS + HD + SUSTAINABILITY =SHD

51
Q

dimensions of sustainability

A
  • economic
  • social
  • environmental
52
Q

elements of sustainability

A
  • appropriateness
  • affordability
  • equity
53
Q

global marketing includes ?

A
  • alcohol
  • tobacco
  • fat processed foods
54
Q

list NHPAS

A 
Mental health 
Asthma 
Diabetes mellitus 
Dementia 
Cancer control 
Obesity 
arthritis + Musculoskeletal conditions 
Injury prevention + control
Cardiovascular health
55
Q

define nutrient

A

a substance that is used by living things to build tissue or provide energy to assist in growth or keeping organism alive

56
Q

micronutrient

A

nutrients that are required in small amounts

57
Q

macronutrient

A

nutrients that are required in large amounts

58
Q

kilojules

A

a measure of energy values in food

59
Q

basal metabolic rate

A

amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep body functioning at rest

60
Q

carbohydrates

A

provides body w/ energy 16kjs per gram
couples = wholegrain areas, cereal
simple = sugar honey (not sustained)

61
Q

fibre (carbohydrate)

A
  • add bulk to faeces + prevent constipation

- bread, apples, bran

62
Q

protein

A
  • the growth, maintenance and repair of body cells
  • secondary function: provide energy
  • excess causes obesity, deficiency = lower bone density
  • red meat, eggs, fish, dairy, soy, chickpeas
63
Q

fats (all 37 kjs) list good fats

A

monounsaturated

polyunsaturated

64
Q

fats (all 37 kjs) list bad fats

A

saturated fats

trans fats

65
Q

monounsaturated

A

provides fuel for energy
increase LDL + lowers cholesterol
olive oil, avocado, nuts

66
Q

polyunsaturated

A

provides omega 3 + 6
lowers LDL and increases HDL
oily fish, nuts, seeds, canola oil

67
Q

saturated fats

A

increases LDL + cholesterol
fatty meats
full cream dairy

68
Q

trans fats

A

increases LDL + decreases HDL

processed eg, cakes,pastries,pies

69
Q

water (not technically a nutrient)

A

assists with feeling full + weight management

70
Q

role of vic health

A

to promote health

71
Q

vichealth strategic priorities

A

EATEM

  • promote healthy eating
  • encourage regular physical activity
  • prevent tobacco smoke use
  • prevent harm from alcohol
  • improve mental wellbeing
72
Q

medicare - what is it and how is it funded

A
  • universal health care system providing medical care through gp/hospital for little or no cost, irrespective of age or income
    funded:
    medicare levy, medicare surcharge, taxation
73
Q

private health insurance + incentives

A

insurance where members pay premiums for cover of health care not covered by medicare
INCENTIVES
- rebates = 30%
- lifetime heath cover - after 30 pay 2% on premiums
- medicare levy surcharge 1 - 1.5%

74
Q

VIC HEALTH MISSION

A
  • Promote fair opportunity for better health
  • Recognise that social and economic conditions for all people influence health
  • In partnership with other to promote good health
  • Support initiatives that assist individuals, workplaces and broader society to improve wellbeing
  • Seek to prevent chronic conditions for all Victorians
75
Q

Australian Dietary Guidelines

A
  1. to achieve and maintain a health weight, be physically active + choose amounts of nutritious food + drinks to meet your energy needs
  2. enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from these five food groups everyday (veggie, fruit, grains, lean meat + poultry, milk, yoghurt, cheese and/or alternatives
  3. limit intake of food containing saturated fats, added salt, added sugar and alcohol
  4. encourage, support + promote breastfeeding
  5. care for your food; prepare + store food safely

3/4 Health and Human Development (8 decks)

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