Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Unit 4 AOS 1 > Flashcards

Unit 4 AOS 1 Flashcards

sleep

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Consciousness

A

Our awareness of our thoughts, feelings and perceptions, and our surroundings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal waking consciousness (NWC)

A

A state of consciousness in which an individual is awake and aware

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

NWC characteristics

A

Moderate to high levels of awareness
Accurate perception
Appropriate emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Altered state of consciousness

A

Any state of consciousness that is distinctly different from NWC in terms of levels of awareness and the quality of sensations, perceptions, thoughts, feelings and memories that are experienced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Altered state of consciousness characteristics

A

Memory difficulties
Distorted perception of reality
Uncharacteristic emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sleep definition

A

A reversible, naturally occurring altered state of consciousness in which we lose awareness of our environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Length of sleep cycles/how many?

A

5 sleep cycles of approx 90 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Total sleep time spent in REM vs NREM

A

REM: 20-25%
NREM: 75-80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

NREM

A

Non-rapid eye movement, contains three stages, with our awareness reducing as we progress through the stages
Supports physical repair of our bodies and replenishes energy spent during the day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stage 1 NREM

A

Transition between sleep and wakefulness
Can be woken easily, decrease in heart rate, respiration, body temp, slow rolling eye movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stage 1 NREM length and % of total sleep time

A

Approx 2-10 minutes
4-5% of total sleep time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stage 2 NREM

A

Light stage of sleep, can still be easily aroused, body temp drops, heart rate and breathing continue to slow,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Stage 2 NREM length and % of total sleep time

A

10-25 minutes in the first sleep cycle and then lengthens after that- approx 20-30 mins
45-55% of total sleep time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stage 3 NREM

A

Difficult to arouse people, known as deep sleep, muscles are relaxed, limited eye movements, where sleep disturbances can occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stage 3 NREM length

A

Length on average 20-40 minutes, but decreases as the night progresses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

NREM stage 3 waves

A

high amplitude, low frequency delta waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hypnic jerk

A

Common experience in stage 1 sleep, spasm of a part of our body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

REM sleep

A

A type of sleep where a persons eyes move beneath their eyelids while sleeping
The brain is active, but the body appears calm and inactive
Replenishes the mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

REM sleep length + brain waves

A

Starts off small approx 5 mins, then stretches out to as long as 60 minutes towards the end of our sleep

low amplitude high frequency beta waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Objective data

A

Collected under controlled conditions, minimises biases and represents a more scientific, accurate and reliable method of data collection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Subjective data

A

Collected through personal observations or personal reports of behaviour. Influenced by researcher or observational biases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

EEG recordings

A

Detects, amplifies, and records electrical activity in the brain in the form of brainwaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

DARE

A

Detects, amplifies and records electrical activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

EOG recordings

A

Detects, amplifies, and records the electrical activity in the muscles that allow the eye to move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

EMG recordings

A

Detects, amplifies and records the electrical activity of muscles

26
Q

Self-reports

A

Involves an individual keeping a record of their own subjective experiences

27
Q

Sleep spindles

A

Brief burst of higher frequency brain waves of approx 1 second during stage 2 sleep

28
Q

K complexes

A

A single low frequency high amplitude brain wave during stage 2 sleep

29
Q

Sleep diary strengths

A

Provide researchers with insight into covert thoughts
Inexpensive
Gives participants an opportunity to express how they are feeling

30
Q

Sleep diary limitations

A

Accuracy of the recording
People may also neglect to record things out of fear of embarrassment

31
Q

Video monitoring strengths

A

Footage can be watched at any time
Can be interpreted by multiple people

32
Q

Video monitoring limitations

A

Results may be inconclusive
Needs to be used in conjunction with other methods

33
Q

Newborn hours of sleep + % in REM

A

16 hours of sleep
50% REM 50% NREM

34
Q

Newborn sleep characteristics

A

Sleep is completed in bursts as the circadian sleep cycle hasn’t developed
Sleep is integral to the rapid development of newborns

35
Q

Infant hours of sleep + % in REM

A

12-15 hours of sleep
35% REM 65% NREM

36
Q

Infant sleep characteristics

A

Napping is still common but most of an infant’s sleep occurs at night

37
Q

Child hours of sleep +% in REM

A

9-11 hours of sleep
20-25% REM 75-80% NREM

38
Q

Child sleep characteristics

A

Typically fall asleep earlier in the night

39
Q

Adolescent hours of sleep + % in REM

A

8-10 hours of sleep
20-25% REM 75-80% NREM

40
Q

Adolescent sleep characteristics

A

Melatonin release is delayed so they often go to bed 1-2 hours later and wake 1-2 hours later naturally

41
Q

Adult hours of sleep + % in REM

A

7-9 hours of sleep
20% REM 80% NREM

42
Q

Elderly hours of sleep + % in NREM

A

6-8 hours of sleep
20% REM 80% NREM

43
Q

Elderly sleep characteristics

A

As physical demands decrease, they tend to sleep for a lesser amount

Spend less time in slow wave sleep, so are susceptible to multiple awakenings throughout the night

44
Q

Circadian rhythms

A

Biological processes that roughly follow a 24 hour cycle, influenced by zeitgebers, include the sleep-wake cycle

45
Q

How does light affect the body?

A

A lack of light stimulates the SCN, which in turn activates the pineal gland to release melatonin, a hormone that makes us drowsy
When light is present, the release of melatonin is suppressed and instead the body releases cortisol to activate our system

46
Q

Ultradian rhythms

A

Biological rhythms that follow a cycle of less than 24 hours,

47
Q

Partial sleep deprivation

A

When someone gets some sleep in a 24 hour period but less than normally required for optimal daytime functioning

48
Q

Affective effects of sleep deprivation

A

Mood swings
Reduced motivation
Inability to cope with stress

49
Q

Behavioural effects of sleep deprivation

A

Difficulty completing routine tasks
Lack of energy (lethargy)
Slowed reflexes

50
Q

Cognitive effects of sleep deprivation

A

Memory lapses
Poor decision making
Difficulty maintaining concentration

51
Q

Microsleeps

A

Short periods (a few seconds), where the individual appears to be awake but EEG recordings show brainwaves similar to those shown in stage 1 NREM sleep

52
Q

Sleep deprivation and BAC comparison

A

17 hours - 0.05
24 hours - 0.10

53
Q

Circadian rhythm sleep disorder

A

Mismatch between a persons internal circadian rhythm and their actual or required sleep cycle

54
Q

Delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS)

A

A circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterised by a sleep pattern that is significantly later (by at least two hours) than conventional sleep patterns, resulting in later sleep onset and wake times

55
Q

Sleep wake cycle shift in adolescents

A

During adolescence, there is a hormone induced shift leading to sleep onset, being delayed by approximately an hour or two, coupled with waking an hour or two later. Caused by a delayed release of melatonin.

56
Q

Advanced sleep phase disorder (ASPD)

A

ASPD is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterised by a sleep pattern that is significantly earlier (by at least two hours) than a conventional or socially desirable sleep pattern, resulting in evening sleepiness or early morning insomnia.

57
Q

Shift work

A

People who’s work schedule is in direct opposition to their circadian rhythms

58
Q

Shift-work side effects

A

Sleep-onset insomnia, chronic sleep deprivation, excessive sleepiness when awake

59
Q

Bright light therapy

A

A treatment for circadian rhythm sleep phase disorders that exposes people to intense but safe amounts of artificial light at a particular time to help synchronise their sleep-wake cycle with normal external day-night cycle, and encourage sleep at a normal time.

60
Q

When should people with DSPS receive bright light therapy

A

Early in the morning

61
Q

When should people with ASPD receive bright light therapy

A

Early in the evening

62
Q

Case study definition

A

A thorough study of a single person, community or event that relies on observations, facts and experiments to gather information

Psychology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions