Unit 1 AOS 2 Flashcards
Three areas of the frontal lobe
Primary motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, Broca’s area
Primary motor cortex main functions
Controls voluntary movement
Prefrontal cortex main functions
Higher level cognitive processes, controls social responses
Broca’s area main functions
Movement of mouth muscles for the articulation of meaningful speech
Primary motor cortex effects of damage
Loss of motor skills
Prefrontal cortex effects of damage
Decision making difficulties, memory loss, not understanding social cues
Broca’s area effects of damage
Broca’s aphasiia
Broca’s area effects of damage
Broca’s aphasiia
Three areas of the parietal lobe
Primary somatosensory cortex, Geschwind’s territory, Association areas
Primary somatosensory cortex main functions
Receives and processes sensory information
Geschwind’s territory main functions
Connects, and allows messages to go between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area
Parietal lobe association areas main function
Right-perceive 3D shapes and designs
Left-reading, writing, arithmetic
Primary somatosensory cortex effects of damage
Loss of sensation
Geschwind’s territory effects of damage
Reduced ability to produce or comprehend speech
Two areas of the occipital lobe
Primary visual cortex, association areas
Primary visual cortex main functions
Receives and processes signals from both eyes
Occipital lobe association areas main function
Select and integrate information from the primary visual cortex
Primary visual cortex effects of damage
Visual impairment
Three areas of the temporal lobe
Primary auditory cortex, Wernicke’s area, association areas
Primary auditory cortex main functions
Receives and processes auditory information
Wernicke’s area main functions
Understanding and comprehension of language
Temporal lobe association areas main functions
Recognising faces, obtaining memories
Primary auditory cortex effects of damage
Problems with auditory sensation and perception
Wernicke’s area effects of damage
Wernicke’s aphasia
Temporal lobe association areas effects of damage
Memory issues, difficulty recognising faces
What brain area develops first?
Hindbrain
What three structures make up the hindbrain
Cerebellum, medulla, pons
Cerebellum main functions
Coordinates voluntary movement
Medulla main functions
Controls vital survival functions by communicating with the automatic nervous system
Pons main functions
Regulates sleep, arousal and some muscle movement
Effect of damage to cerebellum
Reduced motor control, difficulty maintaining balance
Effects of damage to the medulla
Causes interrupted messages between the spinal cord and brain, can be fatal
Effects of damage to the pons
Sleep dysfunction, sensory problems
Structure part of the midbrain
Reticular formation
Reticular formation main functions
Helps screen incoming sensory information, helps maintain consciousness
Effects of damage to the reticular formation
Disruptions to sleep/wake cycle, loss of control of attention, irreversible coma
Six structures that make up the forebrain
Hypothalamus, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cerebrum, basal ganglia
Hypothalamus main function
Maintains homeostasis, controls internal body clock
Thalamus main function
Relays sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex
Hippocampus main function
Formulates and processes the memory to be sorted in other parts of the brain
Amygdala main function
Stores memories, triggers automatic emotional responses to situations
Cerebrum main function
Responsible for conscious actions, includes the cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia main function
Transmits motor messages to and from the cerebral cortex
Effects of damage to hypothalamus
Disruptions in body temperature regulation, eating habits and weight controls, motivation and sleep cycles
Effects of damage to thalamus
Loss of any sense (minus smell), sensory issues, attention problems, sleep/wake problems, insomnia or coma
Effects of damage to basal ganglia
Movement problems like those in disorders such as cerebral palsy, Huntington’s disease and Parkinson’s disease
Left brain
Analytical and logical, helps in production of speech, controls right side of the body
Right brain
Creative, spatial and musical ability, emotional expression, controls left side of the body
Neurogenesis
Creation of new neurons
Neural migration
Moving of new neurons
Synaptogenesis
creation of new connections between neurons
Synaptic pruning
remove excess/weak neural connections
Myelin
Speeds up neural transmissions, protects and insulates the axon, protects the axon from electrical interference from other neurons
Myelination
process of covering the axons in myelin
