Unit 1 AOS 2

Question 1

Three areas of the frontal lobe

Answer 1

Primary motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, Broca’s area

Question 2

Primary motor cortex main functions

Answer 2

Controls voluntary movement

Question 3

Prefrontal cortex main functions

Answer 3

Higher level cognitive processes, controls social responses

Question 4

Broca’s area main functions

Answer 4

Movement of mouth muscles for the articulation of meaningful speech

Question 5

Primary motor cortex effects of damage

Answer 5

Loss of motor skills

Question 6

Prefrontal cortex effects of damage

Answer 6

Decision making difficulties, memory loss, not understanding social cues

Question 7

Broca’s area effects of damage

Answer 7

Broca’s aphasiia

Question 7

Broca’s area effects of damage

Answer 7

Broca’s aphasiia

Question 8

Three areas of the parietal lobe

Answer 8

Primary somatosensory cortex, Geschwind’s territory, Association areas

Question 9

Primary somatosensory cortex main functions

Answer 9

Receives and processes sensory information

Question 10

Geschwind’s territory main functions

Answer 10

Connects, and allows messages to go between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area

Question 11

Parietal lobe association areas main function

Answer 11

Right-perceive 3D shapes and designs
Left-reading, writing, arithmetic

Question 12

Primary somatosensory cortex effects of damage

Answer 12

Loss of sensation

Question 13

Geschwind’s territory effects of damage

Answer 13

Reduced ability to produce or comprehend speech

Question 14

Two areas of the occipital lobe

Answer 14

Primary visual cortex, association areas

Question 15

Primary visual cortex main functions

Answer 15

Receives and processes signals from both eyes

Question 16

Occipital lobe association areas main function

Answer 16

Select and integrate information from the primary visual cortex

Question 17

Primary visual cortex effects of damage

Answer 17

Visual impairment

Question 18

Three areas of the temporal lobe

Answer 18

Primary auditory cortex, Wernicke’s area, association areas

Question 19

Primary auditory cortex main functions

Answer 19

Receives and processes auditory information

Question 20

Wernicke’s area main functions

Answer 20

Understanding and comprehension of language

Question 21

Temporal lobe association areas main functions

Answer 21

Recognising faces, obtaining memories

Question 22

Primary auditory cortex effects of damage

Answer 22

Problems with auditory sensation and perception

Question 23

Wernicke’s area effects of damage

Answer 23

Wernicke’s aphasia

Question 24

Temporal lobe association areas effects of damage

Answer 24

Memory issues, difficulty recognising faces

Question 25

What brain area develops first?

Answer 25

Hindbrain

Question 26

What three structures make up the hindbrain

Answer 26

Cerebellum, medulla, pons

Question 27

Cerebellum main functions

Answer 27

Coordinates voluntary movement

Question 28

Medulla main functions

Answer 28

Controls vital survival functions by communicating with the automatic nervous system

Question 29

Pons main functions

Answer 29

Regulates sleep, arousal and some muscle movement

Question 30

Effect of damage to cerebellum

Answer 30

Reduced motor control, difficulty maintaining balance

Question 31

Effects of damage to the medulla

Answer 31

Causes interrupted messages between the spinal cord and brain, can be fatal

Question 32

Effects of damage to the pons

Answer 32

Sleep dysfunction, sensory problems

Question 33

Structure part of the midbrain

Answer 33

Reticular formation

Question 34

Reticular formation main functions

Answer 34

Helps screen incoming sensory information, helps maintain consciousness

Question 35

Effects of damage to the reticular formation

Answer 35

Disruptions to sleep/wake cycle, loss of control of attention, irreversible coma

Question 36

Six structures that make up the forebrain

Answer 36

Hypothalamus, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cerebrum, basal ganglia

Question 37

Hypothalamus main function

Answer 37

Maintains homeostasis, controls internal body clock

Question 38

Thalamus main function

Answer 38

Relays sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex

Question 39

Hippocampus main function

Answer 39

Formulates and processes the memory to be sorted in other parts of the brain

Question 40

Amygdala main function

Answer 40

Stores memories, triggers automatic emotional responses to situations

Question 41

Cerebrum main function

Answer 41

Responsible for conscious actions, includes the cerebral cortex

Question 42

Basal ganglia main function

Answer 42

Transmits motor messages to and from the cerebral cortex

Question 43

Effects of damage to hypothalamus

Answer 43

Disruptions in body temperature regulation, eating habits and weight controls, motivation and sleep cycles

Question 44

Effects of damage to thalamus

Answer 44

Loss of any sense (minus smell), sensory issues, attention problems, sleep/wake problems, insomnia or coma

Question 45

Effects of damage to basal ganglia

Answer 45

Movement problems like those in disorders such as cerebral palsy, Huntington’s disease and Parkinson’s disease

Question 46

Left brain

Answer 46

Analytical and logical, helps in production of speech, controls right side of the body

Question 47

Right brain

Answer 47

Creative, spatial and musical ability, emotional expression, controls left side of the body

Question 48

Neurogenesis

Answer 48

Creation of new neurons

Question 49

Neural migration

Answer 49

Moving of new neurons

Question 50

Synaptogenesis

Answer 50

creation of new connections between neurons

Question 51

Synaptic pruning

Answer 51

remove excess/weak neural connections

Question 52

Myelin

Answer 52

Speeds up neural transmissions, protects and insulates the axon, protects the axon from electrical interference from other neurons

Question 53

Myelination

Answer 53

process of covering the axons in myelin