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Psychology > Unit 2 AOS 1 > Flashcards

Unit 2 AOS 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Physical cues

A

Physical appearance, facial expressions, and overall manner that allow us to draw conclusions about a person

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2
Q

Saliency detection

A

Attention grabbing physical features that are prominent or disticntive

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3
Q

Social categorisation

A

Grouping individuals based upon their perceived social category

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4
Q

Attribute

A

Explain

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5
Q

Attributions

A

Attaching meaning to behaviour by looking for a cause to explain the behaviour

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6
Q

External attribution

A

Environmental factors that are external to the individual e.g location

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7
Q

Internal attribution

A

Factors within someone that shape their behaviour

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8
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

Underestimating the influence of external factors and overestimating the influence of internal factors

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9
Q

Attitudes

A

Learned ideas we hold about ourselves, others, objects and experiences

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10
Q

Affective component

A

Feelings or emotions

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11
Q

Behavioural component

A

Actions towards things

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12
Q

Cognitive

A

Beliefs

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13
Q

Limitation of tri-component model

A

Does not indicate the strength of an attitude

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14
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

Inconsistency between attitudes and behaviour

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15
Q

Stereotypes

A

Generalised views about personal attributes or characteristics of a group of people

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16
Q

How to avoid cognitive dissonance

A

Ensure attitudes line up with actions

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17
Q

Heuristics

A

Mental shortcuts we use to make quicker, more efficient decisions

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18
Q

Availability heuristic

A

Mental shortcut where we use the information we first think of to make a judgement

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19
Q

Representative heuristic

A

Mental shortcut where we estimate the likelihood of something occurring based on how similar it is to our current knowledge and expectations

20
Q

Affect heuristic

A

Mental shortcut where decision-making is influenced by your current emotional state or mood. “Going with your gut”

21
Q

Status

A

A persons position in the hierarchy of a group

22
Q

Social power

A

The amount of influence a person can exert over another person.

23
Q

Reward

A

The ability to reward someone who complies with the desired behaviour

24
Q

Coercive

A

The ability to punish a person for failure to comply

25
Q

Legitimate

A

The acceptance of a person being a part of an established social order

26
Q

Referent

A

We refer to the person for direction, we want to be like the person. Role model.

27
Q

Expert

A

We recognise the person as an expert on a specific field based off their training and experience

28
Q

Obedience

A

Change in behaviour in response to direct command from others (usually someone of higher status)

29
Q

Conformity

A

Change in behaviour as a result of real or implied pressure from others

30
Q

Factors that affect obedience

A

Social proximity, legitimacy of authority, group pressure

31
Q

Social proximity

A

The closer you are to an authority figure, the more likely you are to obey them

32
Q

Legitimacy of authority

A

More likely to obey if the person is perceived as having legitimate power

33
Q

Group pressure

A

More likely to obey when there is little to no group resistance to the authority figure

34
Q

Group think

A

when members of the group prioritise strong bonds of the group over clear decision making

35
Q

Group shift

A

when a group discusses an issue and they adopt a more extreme position than their original one

36
Q

Cautious shift

A

occurs when the group suggests an even safer approach than an individual would have taken if acting alone.

37
Q

Risky shift

A

occurs when a group demonstrates less caution than the individual members would have if they were acting alone.

38
Q

Social comparison theory

A

The tendency to evaluate and compare ourselves to others, which influences our self image and wellbeing

39
Q

Persuasive argument theory

A

If a group favours a certain approach, the number of arguments offered to support that approach outweighs the number of arguments against that approach. As more arguments are generated, the group position tends to become more extreme.

40
Q

Social decision schemes

A

Strategies used by a group to select one out of various approaches. e.g voting

41
Q

Upward social comparision

A

Comparing ourselves to those we view as superior

42
Q

Lateral social comparison

A

Comparing ourselves to those we view as equals

43
Q

Downward social comparison

A

Comparing ourselves to those we view as inferior

44
Q

Independence

A

Resisting influence

45
Q

Anti-conformity

A

Deliberate refusal of

Psychology (10 decks)

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