unit 4 Flashcards
what starts the pumping of the heart muscle
electrical activity
what causes the electrical current of the heart
chemical changes in cells of the heart
what is the electrical state of a resting cell
negative
what is the mechanical response to depolarization
contraction (systole)
what happens to the electrical state of cells during repolarization
positive cell returns to negative state
what type of electrode is only used once for a short time
resting
when would you chose monitoring over resting electrodes
for continuous monitoring, when electrodes must stay on the patient longer
what is telemetry used for
ongoing monitoring in the hospital but the patient can move around. 5 leads.
what is a holter monitor used for
longer look at cardiac activity outside of the office. 5 leads.
what is event monitoring used for
long term cardiac monitoring
what is continuous monitoring used for
ER, ICU, OR, bedside monitoring without movement. 3-5 leads/
what is a 12 lead EKG used for
evaluate rate, rhythm, and signs of heart disease.
what is a stress test used for
evaluates for heart disease when heart rate is increased
what electrode is positive in lead 1, which is negative
left arm, right arm
in lead 2 which electrode is positive, which is negative
left leg, right arm
in leaf 3 which electrode is positive, which is negative
left leg, left arm
which electrode are you always viewing the heart from
positive
what is the positive electrode in aVR
right arm
what is the positive electrode in aVL
left arm
what electrode is positive in aVF
left foot
what is the negative electrode in the precordial leads
wilson’s central terminal
which leads look at the inferior wall of the heart
2, 3, and aVF
which leads look at the front of the left ventricle
v1, v2, v3, v4
which leads look at the left lateral wall
1, aVL, v5, v6
which coronary artery is the primary source of blood for the anterior wall
left anterior descending
which coronary artery is the primary source of blood for the inferior wall
right coronary artery
what us the primary source of blood in the lateral wall of left ventricle
circumflex
when would you speed up EKG paper
fast rhythms
when would you increase the gain of EKG tracing
when you need to make it easier to identify waves
when would you decrease the gain of EKG paper
waves are vertically overlapping the lead
how should a patient be positioned for an EKGQ
laying down, supine or semi-fowlers
what do you need to avoid when applying electrodes to the skin
body hair, scars, implanted devices, nonintact skin
what must you do when an EKG is complete
check for clear tracing and fix issues before removing electrodes. check for signs of dangerous arrhythmias
who removes the wires and electrodes from patient
tech removes wires, patients remove electrodes
what are stress tests used for
heart function, future heart problems, planning for invasive heart procedures, routine screening, family history, heart surgery follow up
how is stress induced in a stress test
exercise or injection of medication that increases HR
how is a nuclear stress test different from a plain stress test
done in addition to a normal stress test, provides brain imaging to see where blood is not flowing. done with arms above the head while laying down
when is the imaging done in a nuclear stress tst
before and after test
