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PPL > unit 4 > Flashcards

unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is hypoxia
first symptom
first big noticeable sign you have it
how to avoid getting it

A

low/not enough oxygen to your body
euphoria
losing night vision
don’t fly above 10 000 ft without supplemental oxygen

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2
Q

what is dysbarism
how can a fast descent be bad for someone with dysbarism

A

trapped gasses in the ear drum, sinus, stomach…
air pressure increases -> rupture ear drum

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3
Q

what is decompression
why are scuba diver susceptible to it
what happens if a scuba diver flies immediately

A

at higher altitudes, not a lot of oxygen molecules to space out the nitrogen in your body so all the nitrogen clumps together in blood vessels and blocks arteries/joints

divers breathe in supplemental oxygen (tissues have superstaured with oxygen rn so super spaced out nitrogen).

nitrogen bubbles form at 8000 ft = cause the bends

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4
Q

after non decompression dives, flights within 8000 ft ASL should be avoided for ___h

A

12h

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5
Q

after non decompression dives, flights above 8000 ft ASL should be avoided for ___h
why?

A

24h
in case the plane suddenly loses pressurization

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6
Q

use _____ vision at night. how?

A

peripheral
look at things off centre

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7
Q

at night, use a ___ flashlight because

A

red
red light doesn’t affect night vision (eyes don’t need to readjust)

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8
Q

spatial disorientation vs vertigo

A

spatial disorientation = confused about your position and movement

vertigo = sense of spinning or rolling when you are not

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9
Q

acceleration gives the illusion of

A

climbing

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10
Q

deceleration gives the illusion of

A

descending

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11
Q

banks give the illusion of

A

level flight

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12
Q

illusion caused by linear acceleration or deceleration are called “______ illusions”

A

somatogravic

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13
Q

illusion caused by turns are called “______ illusions”

A

vestibular

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14
Q

T/F: piltso can take meds for airsickness

A

NO FALSE becase can cause drowsiness and impaired judgement

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15
Q

our circadian rhythm makes us LEAST alert between the hours of ____ and _____

A

3-5am
3-5 pm

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16
Q

local anesthetic = ___ (time) before flying again

A

24h

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17
Q

big boy anesthetic = ___ (time) before flying

A

need to be cleared by aviation doctor

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18
Q

blood donation = must wait ___h before flying again because…

A

48h
less blood = absorb less oxygen = hypoxia at low altitude

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19
Q

carbon monoxide poisioning will lead to

A

hypoxia

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20
Q

how to recover from hyperventilation

A

slow your breathing to 10-12 breaths per minute

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21
Q

how does smoking and. hypoxia link

A

smoking = more carbon monoxide in blood = that CO bound to hemoglobin instead of O2 = lower oxygen carrying capacity of the blood = hypoxia at lower altitudes

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22
Q

time of useful consciousness definition

A

amount of time an indicidual is able to perform flying duties efficiently at a low oxygen supply

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23
Q

positive vs negative G forces

A

positive G force = blood cant get to head = stagnant hypoxia

negative G force = all blood to head = red out

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24
Q

hypoxic hypoxia

A

low oxygen in blood stream because of high altitude

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25
Q

anaemic hypoxia

A

naturally low red blood cell count = less oxygen can be carried = hypoxia at lower altitudes

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26
Q

stagnant hypoxia

A

not enough blood flow to tissues because of positive G force or cold (constricted vessels)

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27
Q

histo-toxic hypoxia

A

cells in body can’t uptake the oxygen available in blood because you have dirty blood

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28
Q

empty field myopia

A

condition that prevents eyes from being able to focus on an object

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29
Q

stress response definition: omission

A

failing to respond to signal

30
Q

stress response definition: queuing

A

delaying certain tasks because of workload

31
Q

stress response definition: approximation

A

get sloppy and accept a lower standard of accuracy and performance

32
Q

stress response definition: fixation

A

concentrate on one item and ignore another

33
Q

stress response definition: regression

A

revert to muscle memory and grab wrong lever

34
Q

stress response definition: escape

A

panic, freezing, giving up

35
Q

hazardous attitude: anti-authority

A

don’t tell me what to do
can’t take instruction and doesn’t like rules/procedures

36
Q

hazardous attitude: impulsivity

A

act too fast without thinking it through

37
Q

hazardous attitude: invulnerability

A

accidents won’t happen to me
risk taker

38
Q

hazardous attitude: macho

A

i can do everything to impress others

39
Q

hazardous attitude: resignation

A

what’s the point
leave actions to others
going along with shit to be nice

40
Q

why do pilots get dehydrated faster at higher altitudes

A

body and lungs give off more water vapour at higher altitudes because it’s drier air

41
Q

high caffeine or carbonated drinks increase the rate of

A

fluid loss (dehydration)

42
Q

rule: can not fly within ___ (time) of consuming booze

A

12h

43
Q

AIM recommends ___ (time) between last drink and takeoff

A

24h

44
Q

alcohol can concentrate in certain areas of the body and leave traces there, for example _______, even after all of it disappeared from the blood

A

the ear

45
Q

effect of alcohol and _____ are additive. so at _____ ft, 1 drink feels like _____

A

hypoxia
6000 ft
2 drinks

46
Q

pilot with normal pregnancy (no complications) can fly up to _____ weeks

A

30 weeks

47
Q

at 12-14 weeks of pregnancy, increased risk of injury due to ______

A

seatbelt

48
Q

too hot in the cockpit? what are the effects of pilots

A

harder to concentrate, lower stress tolerance

49
Q

too cold in cockpit? what are the effects of pilots

A

stiff muscles, VERTIGO, slow pulse, sleepy, lack of consciousness

50
Q

what is sensory mismatch

A

differences between visual and vestibular (ear fluid) can lead to spatial disorientation
ex. entering cloud at banked angle, vertigo, acceleration illusions….

51
Q

narrow runway gives the visual illusion of

A

being too high

52
Q

wide runway gives illusion of being

A

too low

53
Q

what is a black hole approach

A

during final approach at night where it’s too dark to see any references/horizon

no lights before the runway, but city lights/rising terrain beyond the runway = eyes think you’re higher than you actually are (and that it’s sunk in a hole) so you try to correct his by lowering your approach slope

54
Q

what is an autokinetic illusion definition

A

eyes trick you into thinking a stationary object (star) is moving

55
Q

false visual reference illusion causes you to do what

A

orient your plane in relation to a false horizon

56
Q

rain on windshield makes pilot think he is _____ and ____ than he is because…

A

higher and farther away
water distorts images

57
Q

what is vection illusion definition

A

you’re stationary but your brain thinks your moving

58
Q

what is the inversion illusion

A

steep climb and sudden return to level flight = illusion plane is inverted

59
Q

what is head up illusion

A

sudden forward linear acceleration (but still level) = illusion that plane is pitching up

60
Q

what is head down illusion

A

sudden linear deceleration (decrease power) = illusion that the plane pitches nose down

61
Q

proprioceptive receptors tell you

A

the relative position of your body parts in relation to the surrounding environment
- your butt is sitting in this char and your hands are holding the controls

  • will not tell you straight/turn because that’s our semicircular canals and otolith organs
62
Q

what classifies as night flying

A

night is period when the sun is 6º below the horizon descending until 6º below the horizon ascending

half hour after sunset (evening civil twilight) to morning civil twilight

63
Q

how to keep night rating current to carry passengers

A

5 takeoffs and landings at night in the past 6 months + landing light

64
Q

T/F: i should use a red light for in the cockpit and night time walk around

A

false
red light in cockpit only
white light for walk around because oil is red so won’t be able to see leak if have red light

65
Q

is SVFR allowed for night departure and landings

A

landings only because they don’t want you leaving to fly under bad conditions at night

66
Q

___ mins of reserve fuel for night VFR

A

45

67
Q

what night equipment do you need in addition to the basic day VFR? for a single engine plane no passengers

A

turn coordinator
source of electrical energy
spare fuses
heading indicator
illumination for instruments
landing, position and anti collision lights
gps

68
Q

what additional night equipment do you need if you’re flying commercially with passengers in large plane

A

attitude indicator
VSI
prevent pitot icing
OAT gauge

69
Q

takes ____ mins for our eyes to get adapted from light to dark

A

30mins

70
Q

inside eye.. cones vs rods

A

cones = colour and detail (high light)
rods = low light and motion

71
Q

_____ blind spots in eye

A

2

72
Q

when you do your scan at night…

A

look 10-15º away from what you try to see

PPL (14 decks)

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