unit 4 Flashcards
what is hypoxia
first symptom
first big noticeable sign you have it
how to avoid getting it
low/not enough oxygen to your body
euphoria
losing night vision
don’t fly above 10 000 ft without supplemental oxygen
what is dysbarism
how can a fast descent be bad for someone with dysbarism
trapped gasses in the ear drum, sinus, stomach…
air pressure increases -> rupture ear drum
what is decompression
why are scuba diver susceptible to it
what happens if a scuba diver flies immediately
at higher altitudes, not a lot of oxygen molecules to space out the nitrogen in your body so all the nitrogen clumps together in blood vessels and blocks arteries/joints
divers breathe in supplemental oxygen (tissues have superstaured with oxygen rn so super spaced out nitrogen).
nitrogen bubbles form at 8000 ft = cause the bends
after non decompression dives, flights within 8000 ft ASL should be avoided for ___h
12h
after non decompression dives, flights above 8000 ft ASL should be avoided for ___h
why?
24h
in case the plane suddenly loses pressurization
use _____ vision at night. how?
peripheral
look at things off centre
at night, use a ___ flashlight because
red
red light doesn’t affect night vision (eyes don’t need to readjust)
spatial disorientation vs vertigo
spatial disorientation = confused about your position and movement
vertigo = sense of spinning or rolling when you are not
acceleration gives the illusion of
climbing
deceleration gives the illusion of
descending
banks give the illusion of
level flight
illusion caused by linear acceleration or deceleration are called “______ illusions”
somatogravic
illusion caused by turns are called “______ illusions”
vestibular
T/F: piltso can take meds for airsickness
NO FALSE becase can cause drowsiness and impaired judgement
our circadian rhythm makes us LEAST alert between the hours of ____ and _____
3-5am
3-5 pm
local anesthetic = ___ (time) before flying again
24h
big boy anesthetic = ___ (time) before flying
need to be cleared by aviation doctor
blood donation = must wait ___h before flying again because…
48h
less blood = absorb less oxygen = hypoxia at low altitude
carbon monoxide poisioning will lead to
hypoxia
how to recover from hyperventilation
slow your breathing to 10-12 breaths per minute
how does smoking and. hypoxia link
smoking = more carbon monoxide in blood = that CO bound to hemoglobin instead of O2 = lower oxygen carrying capacity of the blood = hypoxia at lower altitudes
time of useful consciousness definition
amount of time an indicidual is able to perform flying duties efficiently at a low oxygen supply
positive vs negative G forces
positive G force = blood cant get to head = stagnant hypoxia
negative G force = all blood to head = red out
hypoxic hypoxia
low oxygen in blood stream because of high altitude
anaemic hypoxia
naturally low red blood cell count = less oxygen can be carried = hypoxia at lower altitudes
stagnant hypoxia
not enough blood flow to tissues because of positive G force or cold (constricted vessels)
histo-toxic hypoxia
cells in body can’t uptake the oxygen available in blood because you have dirty blood
empty field myopia
condition that prevents eyes from being able to focus on an object
stress response definition: omission
failing to respond to signal
stress response definition: queuing
delaying certain tasks because of workload
stress response definition: approximation
get sloppy and accept a lower standard of accuracy and performance
stress response definition: fixation
concentrate on one item and ignore another
stress response definition: regression
revert to muscle memory and grab wrong lever
stress response definition: escape
panic, freezing, giving up
hazardous attitude: anti-authority
don’t tell me what to do
can’t take instruction and doesn’t like rules/procedures
hazardous attitude: impulsivity
act too fast without thinking it through
hazardous attitude: invulnerability
accidents won’t happen to me
risk taker
hazardous attitude: macho
i can do everything to impress others
hazardous attitude: resignation
what’s the point
leave actions to others
going along with shit to be nice
why do pilots get dehydrated faster at higher altitudes
body and lungs give off more water vapour at higher altitudes because it’s drier air
high caffeine or carbonated drinks increase the rate of
fluid loss (dehydration)
rule: can not fly within ___ (time) of consuming booze
12h
AIM recommends ___ (time) between last drink and takeoff
24h
alcohol can concentrate in certain areas of the body and leave traces there, for example _______, even after all of it disappeared from the blood
the ear
effect of alcohol and _____ are additive. so at _____ ft, 1 drink feels like _____
hypoxia
6000 ft
2 drinks
pilot with normal pregnancy (no complications) can fly up to _____ weeks
30 weeks
at 12-14 weeks of pregnancy, increased risk of injury due to ______
seatbelt
too hot in the cockpit? what are the effects of pilots
harder to concentrate, lower stress tolerance
too cold in cockpit? what are the effects of pilots
stiff muscles, VERTIGO, slow pulse, sleepy, lack of consciousness
what is sensory mismatch
differences between visual and vestibular (ear fluid) can lead to spatial disorientation
ex. entering cloud at banked angle, vertigo, acceleration illusions….
narrow runway gives the visual illusion of
being too high
wide runway gives illusion of being
too low
what is a black hole approach
during final approach at night where it’s too dark to see any references/horizon
no lights before the runway, but city lights/rising terrain beyond the runway = eyes think you’re higher than you actually are (and that it’s sunk in a hole) so you try to correct his by lowering your approach slope
what is an autokinetic illusion definition
eyes trick you into thinking a stationary object (star) is moving
false visual reference illusion causes you to do what
orient your plane in relation to a false horizon
rain on windshield makes pilot think he is _____ and ____ than he is because…
higher and farther away
water distorts images
what is vection illusion definition
you’re stationary but your brain thinks your moving
what is the inversion illusion
steep climb and sudden return to level flight = illusion plane is inverted
what is head up illusion
sudden forward linear acceleration (but still level) = illusion that plane is pitching up
what is head down illusion
sudden linear deceleration (decrease power) = illusion that the plane pitches nose down
proprioceptive receptors tell you
the relative position of your body parts in relation to the surrounding environment
- your butt is sitting in this char and your hands are holding the controls
- will not tell you straight/turn because that’s our semicircular canals and otolith organs
what classifies as night flying
night is period when the sun is 6º below the horizon descending until 6º below the horizon ascending
half hour after sunset (evening civil twilight) to morning civil twilight
how to keep night rating current to carry passengers
5 takeoffs and landings at night in the past 6 months + landing light
T/F: i should use a red light for in the cockpit and night time walk around
false
red light in cockpit only
white light for walk around because oil is red so won’t be able to see leak if have red light
is SVFR allowed for night departure and landings
landings only because they don’t want you leaving to fly under bad conditions at night
___ mins of reserve fuel for night VFR
45
what night equipment do you need in addition to the basic day VFR? for a single engine plane no passengers
turn coordinator
source of electrical energy
spare fuses
heading indicator
illumination for instruments
landing, position and anti collision lights
gps
what additional night equipment do you need if you’re flying commercially with passengers in large plane
attitude indicator
VSI
prevent pitot icing
OAT gauge
takes ____ mins for our eyes to get adapted from light to dark
30mins
inside eye.. cones vs rods
cones = colour and detail (high light)
rods = low light and motion
_____ blind spots in eye
2
when you do your scan at night…
look 10-15º away from what you try to see
