ppl flight test Flashcards
engine fire on ground
crank starter
hold brakes
if engine starts 1700 for 2 mins, then shutdown and inspect
if engine does not start:
full throttle
mixture ICO
keep cranking starter
fuel selector off
master off
mags off
check checklist
cabin fire
master off
close all vents
use fire extinguisher
vent cabin
land asap
check checklist
engine fire in flight
mixture ICO
fuel selector off
master off
close cabin heat and air
keep outside vent open
airspeed 100 KT
forced approach
check checklist
electrical fire in flight
master off
all other switches off
close all vents
use fire extinguisher
if fire gone: master on, slowly turn on other switches and radios, land as soon as practicable
if fire remains: forced approach
check checklist
engine failure on ground
throttle idle
brakes
flaps up
mixture ICO
mags off
master off
check checklist
engine failure takeoff
airspeed 80 mph
mixture ICO
fuel selector off
mags off
flaps as required
master off
check checklist
engine failure in cruise
airspeed 80 and carb heat hot
pick field
engine check no fire
cause check:
mixture rich
fuel selector both
mags cycle then both
primer locked
throttle idle
attempt restart
mayday
passenger briefing
shutdown engine:
mixture ICO
fuel selector off
mags off
flaps down
master off
unlatch doors
check checklist
wing fire
nav lights off
strobe lights off
pitot heat off
side slip away from burning wing
forced approach
how much fuel can we have in our tanks and how much is usable
42 total, 38 usable
oil capacity in sump vs total
8 qt in sump
9 qt total
Vx, Vy , Va , Vs , Vso (landing config) , Vno , Vne , Vr , Vglide , Vmax flaps, max cross wind, max takeoff weight
Vx = 68
Vy = 91
Va = 115
Vs = 50
Vso = 40
Vno = 142
Vne = 179
Vr = 60
V glide = 80
V max flaps = 100
max xw = 15
max takeoff weight = 2300 lbs
static RPM is between
2270-2370
max takeoff weight for normal vs utility
normal = 2300
utility = 2000
G load factor limits for normal vs utility catagory (with and without flaps)
normal: +3.8g -1.52g
normal with flaps: +3.0g
utility: +4.4g -1.76g
utiltiy with flaps: +3.0g
what to do if you encounter ice?
pitot heat on
turn around or descend to lower altitude (hopefully warmer)
cabin heat and defroster
full throttle = increase engine speed and limit ice build up on propellers
monitor RPM for intake ice
land ASAP
do NOT use flaps (because turbulent airflow hitting icy elevators is no bueno)
how to land when you have a flat main tire
approach normally and touchdown with good tire
check checklist
how can you tell you have a static port blockage?
what do you do to fix it
altimeter freezes at the last altitude
VSI remains zero
ASI: when climbing, ASI extra slow. when descending, ASI shows extra fast
pull alternate static source
check checklist
what does a fully and partially blocked pitot look like on your instruments?
fully blocked pitot:
ASI shows fast during climb and slow during descent
partially blocked pitot: ASI = 0
what do you do if your low voltage light illuminates in flight?
- avionics OFF
- master OFF then ON again
- if light turns off, you’re good to turn avionics on again and relax :)
- if light stays on (ammeter discharge - battery only)
- alternator OFF
- conserve battery (turn off non essential electronics)
- land as soon as practical
check checklist
what to do if you see excessive charge on ammeter?
alternator off
non essential electrics off
land as soon as practical
check checklist
landing with ice
increase landing speed due to icing conditions
flaps RETRACTED
left window open and slip for improved visibility
check checklist
low oil pressure and high oil temperature
use minimum power
land asap and expect engine failure
short field takeoff and landing procedures
takeoff: line up edge of runway, hold brakes, full power, check gauges, release brakes
landing: flaps up, back pressure and brake
soft field takeoff and landing procedures:
takeoff: back pressure, throttle idle, just rudder to get lined up. when lined up, keep back pressure and full throttle. after rotation, parallel until gain speed then Vy
landing: when flare, add 100 rpm power to slow descent rate, keep back pressure and roll down runway until stop
does certificate of airworthiness expire? explain
NO the CoA does not expire but to keep it valid you must follow MAPS
MAPS
maintenance schedule
ADs
POH G loading
Snags (defects)
certificate of registration invalid when
changes to purpose, address, owner, registration
accident/destroyed
something changes on your certificate of registration. how long do you have to update TC
7 days
day VFR equipment list
MAATE
mag compass
ASI
altimeter
time
engine gauges: oil temp, pressure, tachometer, fuel gauges
what type of ailerons do we have
frise = up-aileron has more drag
differential = goes up more than down
describe the engine
- lycoming model O320 engine that is 4 cylinder, horizontally opposed, air cooled, carbureted with a wet sump oil system
- 150 hp at 2700 rpm
describe the engine oil system
- wet sump oil system (stored below engine)
- the engine-driven oil pump sucks the oil from the sump to the filter (if the oil is hot, it goes to a cooler before the filter)
- from the filter, oil gets sent to various engine parts and excess oil returns to sump by gravity flow
how is the engine cooled?
cool outside engine: ram air enters cowling and directed to cylinders via fins
cool inside engine: oil
what is the purpose of the battery?
start the alternator
backup if alternator fails
uh oh, there’s impact ice around by air intake vent. what ever shall i do?
alternate air intake - from inside of cowling
what type of carburetor do we have
up draft, float type carburetor mounted at bottom of engine
what type of propeller do we have
two blade
fixed pitch
tell me about the fuel system
- fuel flows from wing tanks via gravity to the fuel selector valve, then through a strainer, to carburetor where it gets atomized, mixed with air and sent to engine
- in cold weather, fuel sent directly from strainer to primer and injected into cylinder
- fuel vents under wing and in fuel cap
- vents blocked = fuel starvation
tell me about the brake system
single-disk, hydraulic brake on each main landing gear wheel
connected to pilot rudder petals
tell me about the electrical system
- battery: 12V, 25 amp
- alternator: 14V, 60 amp, engine-driven
- power sent to systems through a split bus bar
what does the vacuum system power
attitude indicator
heading indicator
definitions and numbers of Vx Vy and Va
Vx = greatest altitude in least horizontal distance = 68
Vy = greatest altitude in least time = 91
Va = max speed for full deflection of controls = 115
can someone rent a privately registered plane?
no must be commercial
can alexis pay me to fly her to queens?
no that’s commercial business air taxi
can alexis buy me dinner or split fuel with me to thank me for going on a fun flight with her
yes
when does a plane have to get reweighed?
when something changes and it’s a different weight, or new coat of paint, new seat covers…
when is journey log required on board
only when landing at another airport
is maintenance based on air time or flight time?
maintenance = air time = wheels up/down
flight time = turn on/off = pilot journey log
private vs commercial maintenance programs. which ones does spectrum use
private = annual or 100h (whichever is sooner)
commercial = 50,100,50,200
who gives you a radio operator certificate and how long valid
industry canada and for as long as you can talk
how is a licence kept current to carry passengers?
- 5 takeoff and landing every 6 months
- 2 year requirement (training, TC seminar, redo exam…)
- 5 years act as PIC or co-pilot
how does a decrease in weight affect maneuvering speed?
light plane = low maneuvering speed
- flies at lower AoA -> takes longer to reach critical AoA -> as we pitch up waiting to reach critical, we feel more Gs
- fly slower = higher AoA = reach critical AoA before sustaining damages
can we fly an overweight plane?
too heavy = too much load on wings, reduced takeoff and landing performance, longer landing roll, too much fuel consumption
can we fly a plane outside CoG limits
no because stability/control is compromised, reduced safety margins, structural stress (more force to sustain stable flight)
why not include oil weight into weight and balance calculations
small weight, slow consumption, and so close to CoG that it’s effect on balanced is minimal
standard empty weight vs basic empty weight
standard empty weight = airframe + standard equipment (engine, fluids) + un-usable fuel + oil
basic empty weight = standard empty weight + optional equipment
if CoG is too far aft, how does it affect flight?
- tail heavy
- fly at low AoA = takes longer to reach critical AoA = stalls at slower speed
- unstable
- hard to recover stall
if the CoG is too for forward how does it affect flight
- nose heavy
- must fly at higher AoA in cruise = more drag = reduced range = more fuel burn
- higher AoA = easy to reach critical AoA = increased stall speed
- higher stall speed = faster approach speed = increased takeoff and landing distances
what are balance tabs for and where are they located
balance tabs on ends of rudder and elevator to make it easier for pilot to control
mass tab on ailerons to prevent flutter
if you need to keep the carb heat hot in cruise flight, what else must you change
carb heat hot = low air density = richer mixture so must lean it
acceptable RPM for static run up
2270-2370
what type of oil goes into the plane and when
first 50h = mineral
after = ashless detergent oil
brake fluid colour vs oleo/hydraulic fluid colour
brake = yellow
hydraulic = red
what are flaps for
- increase wing camber = more lift at lower AoA = fly slower and better visibility
- more drag = steeper approach angle
tell me about the landing gear
- oleo struts in the main landing gear to absorb impact on landing
- fixed
-tricycle - front wheel steers
mystery vents on side of cowling are for what? and what about that small hole beside it?
vents = cool instruments
hole = rain can escape
during a climb, the ASI increases.
and during descent, the ASI decreases.
what’s wrong with it?
full pitot block
during climb, ASI shows rapid decrease. during a descent, ASI shows rapid increase.
what’s wrong with it?
static port block
when you use the alternate static source, what instruments will change and how will they read
alternate static air = slightly lower air pressure
ALT = indicate higher than you are (50ft)
VSI = momentarily show a climb and then level out
ASI = slightly faster than normal speed (b/c larger pressure difference)
weather minima for controlled airspace
3 SM day/night
500 ft vertical x 1 mile horizontal from cloud
500 AGL see ground
what is SVFR minimum and when can you obtain it
1 SM and clear of cloud
day: arrive and depart
night: arrive
what is uncontrolled airspace minima below 1000 ft
2 SM day and 3 SM night
clear of cloud
500 AGL
what is uncontrolled airspace minima above 1000 ft
1 SM day and 3 SM night
500 ft vertical x 2000 ft horizontal from cloud
500 AGL
i want to overfly an aerodrome. what height minimum must i follow?
1000 ft above circuit height
minimum altitude you can fly over a built up area
1000 ft above and 2000 ft horizontal from tallest thing
minimum altitude you can fly over a non built up area
500 AGL
who do you call to open ammend or close a flight plan
open/close: call NavCanada 1866wxbreif on ground or tower will do it for you at a controlled airport
ammend: FISE frequency on map
how do you get current weather information en route
FISE
uh oh, the engine is running rough. how do we figure out what it is causing it
- carb icing? carb heat on and full throttle
- spark plug fouling? lean mixture
- magneto malfunction? use L or R
check the checklist
vacuum system failure and i fly into a cloud. wtf do i do now
- use TC to keep wings level
- do 180º if i enter cloud
- if descent through cloud:
- full rich
- carb heat HOT
- 500-800 rate of descent
- trim 70-80
- keep hands off control and use rudder to keep straight
check the checklist
my static port got blocked, whatever shall i do?
- pull alternate static knob
- airspeed correction in section 5 POH
check the checklist
my flaps are stuck. what do i do?
- confirm visually
- airspeed below 85KT
- check circuit breaker
- flap Sw try all settings
check the checklist
my wheels just touched down on landing and uh oh there’s a brake failure. what do i do?
what if there’s not enough room on the runway to overshoot?
- overshoot so i have time to plan and land at the beginning
- flaps up, turn onto grass, turn off engine, open doors for drag
why are the primary and electronic buses kept separate
primary bus = instruments and systems require a lot of power
electronic bus = radios and navigation need little power and are very sensitive
- ensure’s the electronic bus doesn’t get overloaded
- if one system goes down, the other bus isn’t affected
diversion procedure
circle/line
HDG
distance
time
turn
throttle/lean
trim
talk
ETE
ETA
fuel remaining
forced approach procedure:
carb HOT
pitch 80
select field
practice area call
cause check:
mixture rich
fuel selector both
mags cycle then both
primer locked
throttle idle
attempt restart
mayday
passenger brief
shutdown:
mixture ICO
fuel selector off
mags off
flaps down
master off
what point of the weight and balance chart would a plane be most unstable
heavy and aft
what does the obstacle clearance circle (OCC) tell us on the cfs map
highest obstacle within this area + 1000ft and rounded up to nearest 100ft
