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PPL > ppl flight test > Flashcards

ppl flight test Flashcards

1
Q

engine fire on ground

A

crank starter
hold brakes
if engine starts 1700 for 2 mins, then shutdown and inspect

if engine does not start:
full throttle
mixture ICO
keep cranking starter
fuel selector off
master off
mags off

check checklist

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2
Q

cabin fire

A

master off
close all vents
use fire extinguisher

vent cabin
land asap

check checklist

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3
Q

engine fire in flight

A

mixture ICO
fuel selector off
master off
close cabin heat and air
keep outside vent open
airspeed 100 KT
forced approach

check checklist

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4
Q

electrical fire in flight

A

master off
all other switches off
close all vents
use fire extinguisher

if fire gone: master on, slowly turn on other switches and radios, land as soon as practicable

if fire remains: forced approach

check checklist

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5
Q

engine failure on ground

A

throttle idle
brakes

flaps up
mixture ICO
mags off
master off

check checklist

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6
Q

engine failure takeoff

A

airspeed 80 mph
mixture ICO
fuel selector off
mags off
flaps as required
master off

check checklist

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7
Q

engine failure in cruise

A

airspeed 80 and carb heat hot
pick field
engine check no fire

cause check:
mixture rich
fuel selector both
mags cycle then both
primer locked
throttle idle
attempt restart

mayday
passenger briefing

shutdown engine:
mixture ICO
fuel selector off
mags off
flaps down
master off

unlatch doors

check checklist

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8
Q

wing fire

A

nav lights off
strobe lights off
pitot heat off

side slip away from burning wing

forced approach

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9
Q

how much fuel can we have in our tanks and how much is usable

A

42 total, 38 usable

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10
Q

oil capacity in sump vs total

A

8 qt in sump
9 qt total

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11
Q

Vx, Vy , Va , Vs , Vso (landing config) , Vno , Vne , Vr , Vglide , Vmax flaps, max cross wind, max takeoff weight

A

Vx = 68
Vy = 91
Va = 115
Vs = 50
Vso = 40
Vno = 142
Vne = 179
Vr = 60
V glide = 80
V max flaps = 100
max xw = 15
max takeoff weight = 2300 lbs

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12
Q

static RPM is between

A

2270-2370

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13
Q

max takeoff weight for normal vs utility

A

normal = 2300
utility = 2000

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14
Q

G load factor limits for normal vs utility catagory (with and without flaps)

A

normal: +3.8g -1.52g
normal with flaps: +3.0g

utility: +4.4g -1.76g
utiltiy with flaps: +3.0g

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15
Q

what to do if you encounter ice?

A

pitot heat on
turn around or descend to lower altitude (hopefully warmer)
cabin heat and defroster
full throttle = increase engine speed and limit ice build up on propellers
monitor RPM for intake ice
land ASAP

do NOT use flaps (because turbulent airflow hitting icy elevators is no bueno)

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16
Q

how to land when you have a flat main tire

A

approach normally and touchdown with good tire

check checklist

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17
Q

how can you tell you have a static port blockage?

what do you do to fix it

A

altimeter freezes at the last altitude
VSI remains zero
ASI: when climbing, ASI extra slow. when descending, ASI shows extra fast

pull alternate static source

check checklist

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18
Q

what does a fully and partially blocked pitot look like on your instruments?

A

fully blocked pitot:
ASI shows fast during climb and slow during descent

partially blocked pitot: ASI = 0

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19
Q

what do you do if your low voltage light illuminates in flight?

A
  • avionics OFF
  • master OFF then ON again
  • if light turns off, you’re good to turn avionics on again and relax :)
  • if light stays on (ammeter discharge - battery only)
    • alternator OFF
    • conserve battery (turn off non essential electronics)
    • land as soon as practical

check checklist

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20
Q

what to do if you see excessive charge on ammeter?

A

alternator off
non essential electrics off
land as soon as practical

check checklist

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21
Q

landing with ice

A

increase landing speed due to icing conditions
flaps RETRACTED
left window open and slip for improved visibility

check checklist

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22
Q

low oil pressure and high oil temperature

A

use minimum power
land asap and expect engine failure

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23
Q

short field takeoff and landing procedures

A

takeoff: line up edge of runway, hold brakes, full power, check gauges, release brakes

landing: flaps up, back pressure and brake

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24
Q

soft field takeoff and landing procedures:

A

takeoff: back pressure, throttle idle, just rudder to get lined up. when lined up, keep back pressure and full throttle. after rotation, parallel until gain speed then Vy

landing: when flare, add 100 rpm power to slow descent rate, keep back pressure and roll down runway until stop

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25
Q

does certificate of airworthiness expire? explain

A

NO the CoA does not expire but to keep it valid you must follow MAPS

MAPS

maintenance schedule
ADs
POH G loading
Snags (defects)

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26
Q

certificate of registration invalid when

A

changes to purpose, address, owner, registration
accident/destroyed

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27
Q

something changes on your certificate of registration. how long do you have to update TC

A

7 days

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28
Q

day VFR equipment list

A

MAATE

mag compass
ASI
altimeter
time
engine gauges: oil temp, pressure, tachometer, fuel gauges

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29
Q

what type of ailerons do we have

A

frise = up-aileron has more drag
differential = goes up more than down

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30
Q

describe the engine

A
  • lycoming model O320 engine that is 4 cylinder, horizontally opposed, air cooled, carbureted with a wet sump oil system
  • 150 hp at 2700 rpm
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31
Q

describe the engine oil system

A
  • wet sump oil system (stored below engine)
  • the engine-driven oil pump sucks the oil from the sump to the filter (if the oil is hot, it goes to a cooler before the filter)
  • from the filter, oil gets sent to various engine parts and excess oil returns to sump by gravity flow
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32
Q

how is the engine cooled?

A

cool outside engine: ram air enters cowling and directed to cylinders via fins

cool inside engine: oil

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33
Q

what is the purpose of the battery?

A

start the alternator

backup if alternator fails

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34
Q

uh oh, there’s impact ice around by air intake vent. what ever shall i do?

A

alternate air intake - from inside of cowling

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35
Q

what type of carburetor do we have

A

up draft, float type carburetor mounted at bottom of engine

36
Q

what type of propeller do we have

A

two blade
fixed pitch

37
Q

tell me about the fuel system

A
  • fuel flows from wing tanks via gravity to the fuel selector valve, then through a strainer, to carburetor where it gets atomized, mixed with air and sent to engine
  • in cold weather, fuel sent directly from strainer to primer and injected into cylinder
  • fuel vents under wing and in fuel cap
  • vents blocked = fuel starvation
38
Q

tell me about the brake system

A

single-disk, hydraulic brake on each main landing gear wheel
connected to pilot rudder petals

39
Q

tell me about the electrical system

A
  • battery: 12V, 25 amp
  • alternator: 14V, 60 amp, engine-driven
  • power sent to systems through a split bus bar
40
Q

what does the vacuum system power

A

attitude indicator
heading indicator

41
Q

definitions and numbers of Vx Vy and Va

A

Vx = greatest altitude in least horizontal distance = 68
Vy = greatest altitude in least time = 91
Va = max speed for full deflection of controls = 115

42
Q

can someone rent a privately registered plane?

A

no must be commercial

43
Q

can alexis pay me to fly her to queens?

A

no that’s commercial business air taxi

44
Q

can alexis buy me dinner or split fuel with me to thank me for going on a fun flight with her

A

yes

45
Q

when does a plane have to get reweighed?

A

when something changes and it’s a different weight, or new coat of paint, new seat covers…

46
Q

when is journey log required on board

A

only when landing at another airport

47
Q

is maintenance based on air time or flight time?

A

maintenance = air time = wheels up/down

flight time = turn on/off = pilot journey log

48
Q

private vs commercial maintenance programs. which ones does spectrum use

A

private = annual or 100h (whichever is sooner)

commercial = 50,100,50,200

49
Q

who gives you a radio operator certificate and how long valid

A

industry canada and for as long as you can talk

50
Q

how is a licence kept current to carry passengers?

A
  • 5 takeoff and landing every 6 months
  • 2 year requirement (training, TC seminar, redo exam…)
  • 5 years act as PIC or co-pilot
51
Q

how does a decrease in weight affect maneuvering speed?

A

light plane = low maneuvering speed
- flies at lower AoA -> takes longer to reach critical AoA -> as we pitch up waiting to reach critical, we feel more Gs
- fly slower = higher AoA = reach critical AoA before sustaining damages

52
Q

can we fly an overweight plane?

A

too heavy = too much load on wings, reduced takeoff and landing performance, longer landing roll, too much fuel consumption

53
Q

can we fly a plane outside CoG limits

A

no because stability/control is compromised, reduced safety margins, structural stress (more force to sustain stable flight)

54
Q

why not include oil weight into weight and balance calculations

A

small weight, slow consumption, and so close to CoG that it’s effect on balanced is minimal

55
Q

standard empty weight vs basic empty weight

A

standard empty weight = airframe + standard equipment (engine, fluids) + un-usable fuel + oil

basic empty weight = standard empty weight + optional equipment

56
Q

if CoG is too far aft, how does it affect flight?

A
  • tail heavy
  • fly at low AoA = takes longer to reach critical AoA = stalls at slower speed
  • unstable
  • hard to recover stall
57
Q

if the CoG is too for forward how does it affect flight

A
  • nose heavy
  • must fly at higher AoA in cruise = more drag = reduced range = more fuel burn
  • higher AoA = easy to reach critical AoA = increased stall speed
  • higher stall speed = faster approach speed = increased takeoff and landing distances
58
Q

what are balance tabs for and where are they located

A

balance tabs on ends of rudder and elevator to make it easier for pilot to control
mass tab on ailerons to prevent flutter

59
Q

if you need to keep the carb heat hot in cruise flight, what else must you change

A

carb heat hot = low air density = richer mixture so must lean it

60
Q

acceptable RPM for static run up

A

2270-2370

61
Q

what type of oil goes into the plane and when

A

first 50h = mineral
after = ashless detergent oil

62
Q

brake fluid colour vs oleo/hydraulic fluid colour

A

brake = yellow
hydraulic = red

63
Q

what are flaps for

A
  • increase wing camber = more lift at lower AoA = fly slower and better visibility
  • more drag = steeper approach angle
64
Q

tell me about the landing gear

A
  • oleo struts in the main landing gear to absorb impact on landing
  • fixed
    -tricycle
  • front wheel steers
65
Q

mystery vents on side of cowling are for what? and what about that small hole beside it?

A

vents = cool instruments
hole = rain can escape

66
Q

during a climb, the ASI increases.
and during descent, the ASI decreases.
what’s wrong with it?

A

full pitot block

67
Q

during climb, ASI shows rapid decrease. during a descent, ASI shows rapid increase.
what’s wrong with it?

A

static port block

68
Q

when you use the alternate static source, what instruments will change and how will they read

A

alternate static air = slightly lower air pressure
ALT = indicate higher than you are (50ft)
VSI = momentarily show a climb and then level out
ASI = slightly faster than normal speed (b/c larger pressure difference)

69
Q

weather minima for controlled airspace

A

3 SM day/night
500 ft vertical x 1 mile horizontal from cloud
500 AGL see ground

70
Q

what is SVFR minimum and when can you obtain it

A

1 SM and clear of cloud

day: arrive and depart
night: arrive

71
Q

what is uncontrolled airspace minima below 1000 ft

A

2 SM day and 3 SM night
clear of cloud
500 AGL

72
Q

what is uncontrolled airspace minima above 1000 ft

A

1 SM day and 3 SM night
500 ft vertical x 2000 ft horizontal from cloud
500 AGL

73
Q

i want to overfly an aerodrome. what height minimum must i follow?

A

1000 ft above circuit height

74
Q

minimum altitude you can fly over a built up area

A

1000 ft above and 2000 ft horizontal from tallest thing

75
Q

minimum altitude you can fly over a non built up area

A

500 AGL

76
Q

who do you call to open ammend or close a flight plan

A

open/close: call NavCanada 1866wxbreif on ground or tower will do it for you at a controlled airport

ammend: FISE frequency on map

77
Q

how do you get current weather information en route

A

FISE

78
Q

uh oh, the engine is running rough. how do we figure out what it is causing it

A
  • carb icing? carb heat on and full throttle
  • spark plug fouling? lean mixture
  • magneto malfunction? use L or R

check the checklist

79
Q

vacuum system failure and i fly into a cloud. wtf do i do now

A
  • use TC to keep wings level
  • do 180º if i enter cloud
  • if descent through cloud:
    • full rich
    • carb heat HOT
    • 500-800 rate of descent
    • trim 70-80
    • keep hands off control and use rudder to keep straight

check the checklist

80
Q

my static port got blocked, whatever shall i do?

A
  • pull alternate static knob
  • airspeed correction in section 5 POH

check the checklist

81
Q

my flaps are stuck. what do i do?

A
  • confirm visually
  • airspeed below 85KT
  • check circuit breaker
  • flap Sw try all settings

check the checklist

82
Q

my wheels just touched down on landing and uh oh there’s a brake failure. what do i do?
what if there’s not enough room on the runway to overshoot?

A
  1. overshoot so i have time to plan and land at the beginning
  2. flaps up, turn onto grass, turn off engine, open doors for drag
83
Q

why are the primary and electronic buses kept separate

A

primary bus = instruments and systems require a lot of power
electronic bus = radios and navigation need little power and are very sensitive

  • ensure’s the electronic bus doesn’t get overloaded
  • if one system goes down, the other bus isn’t affected
84
Q

diversion procedure

A

circle/line
HDG
distance
time

turn
throttle/lean
trim
talk

ETE
ETA
fuel remaining

85
Q

forced approach procedure:

A

carb HOT
pitch 80
select field

practice area call

cause check:
mixture rich
fuel selector both
mags cycle then both
primer locked
throttle idle
attempt restart

mayday
passenger brief

shutdown:
mixture ICO
fuel selector off
mags off
flaps down
master off

PPL (15 decks)

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