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PPL > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What happens in cockpit?

A

command and control

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2
Q

what do turbine engines do?

A

generate THRUST

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3
Q

what do wings do?

A

generate LIFT

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4
Q

what do winglets do?

A

decrease drag (that a wing generates)

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5
Q

what do horizontal stabilizers do?

A

control pitch

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6
Q

what do elevators do and where are they located?

A

located on edges of horizontal stabilizers at back

they change pitch

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7
Q

difference between horizontal stabilizers and elevators

A

horizontal stabilizers CONTROL pitch

elevators CHANGE pitch - acc gets the plane nose up/down

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8
Q

what do vertical stabilizers do>

A

control yaw

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9
Q

what do rudders do and where are they located

A

rudders change yaw

located on edge/back of vertical stabilizer

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10
Q

difference between vertical siabilizers and rudder

A

vertical stabilizers CONROL yaw

rudder CHANGES yaw

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11
Q

what is yaw? and what do u use to change it it

A

side-side movement of nose of aircraft

use the rudder to change yaw

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12
Q

what is pitch? and what do u use to change it

A

up-down movement of nose of aircraft

use elevators to change pitch

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13
Q

what do flaps do?
where are they located
most common time to use flaps

A

flaps increase lift and drag
located on in-board portion of wing
use when landing

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14
Q

what do ailerons do?
where are they located

A

change roll
located on outside edge of wing

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15
Q

how do ailerons work to roll and airplane

A

one side goes up, other side goes down = roll right/left

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16
Q

what do spoilers do

A

change lift, drag, roll

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17
Q

what do slats do and where are they located

A

increase lift
at front edge of wing

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18
Q

what is the fuselage

A

the body of the aircraft - holds everything together and carries load

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19
Q

in most airplanes (esp smaller ones), where is the fuel tank located

A

in the wing/top

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20
Q

where is the engine located on small propeller planes

A

at front

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21
Q

4 basic components of airplane

A

fuselage, wings, tail assembly, landing gear

22
Q

Longitudinal axis = through ___ to ___ = causing ___ (direction: ___/___) -> move ___

Lateral axis = through ___to ___ = causing ___ (direction: ___/___) -> move ___

Vertical axis = through ___ to ___ = causing ___ (direction: ___/___) -> move ___

A

Longitudinal axis = through nose to tail = causing roll (tip left/right) -> move ailerons

Lateral axis = through wing tip to wing tip = causing pitch (up/down) -> move elevators

Vertical axis = through top to bottom = causing yaw (side/side) -> move rudder

23
Q

the airspeed indicator tells us

A

how fast the plane goes through the AIR

24
Q

how is airspeed different than ground speed?

A

ground speed changes depending on whether or not you’re moving with or against the wing

If you’re going against the wind, your ground speed is LOWER than airspeed seen on instrument indicator

25
Q

what is attitude indicator showing you

A

Shows what’s happening outside: if nose is high/low attitude, or if plane is banked to right/left

26
Q

what does altimeter tell you

A

Height of plane compared to sea level

27
Q

what does vertical speed indicator tell you

A

Shows speed of plane climbing or descending (feet/min)

28
Q

what is heading indicator’s job

A

Used like a compass

29
Q

what does turn coordinator tell you

A

Give rate of turn left/right and how long it will take to turn 180º
and quality of turn

30
Q

what does tachometer do

A

set engine RPM

31
Q

what is VOR

A

radio navigation instrument that Gives me position of myself relative to a certain ground radio tower

32
Q

what does ILS do for you

A

Instrument landing system
Up down, left right needles to guide to runway

33
Q

what is ADF

A

Automatic direction finder
Points towards nearest ground station

34
Q

the radio panel has a voice radio and navigation radio. what do they do?

A

Voice radio = talk to air traffic control and other pilots
Navigation radio = tune to specific frequencies so VOR and ADF can pick up signals

35
Q

what does GPS/GNSS do

A

Uses satellite and database to pinpoint airplanes position in world

36
Q

what does transponder do

A

Helps air traffic control find you easily using a 4-digit code

37
Q

the Truss airframe:
1. what is fuselage made of?
2. why are they made from that material?
3. difference between old and newer Trusses
4. Examples

A

steel/aluminum tubes that are welded together in the shape of a truss design (like an old railway bridge)

strength

old models only have longerons and struts. newer models have longerons, struts + bulkheads and stringers because more aerodynamic

. Citabria, Piper Cub, Kitfox

38
Q

semi-monocoque airframe
1. what is the fuselage made of?
2. ___ put in specific locations to maintain cabin pressure
3. difference between truss and semi-monocoque in terms of what supports the load
4. why is it a better design than the truss?

A

Series of formers (donuts) and bulkheads (solid) held together by stringers running lengthwise. wrapped in stressed skin

bulkheads

difference bet

Stressed skin + stringers takes on part of load, whereas in Truss the load is supported by steel frame/beams

More lightweight and aerodynamic than Truss design

39
Q

difference between semi and pure monocoque

A

PURE mono Have formers, bulkheads and stressed skin but NO stringers = skin supports entire load so small damage to skin can cause big problems

SEMI mono have Have formers, bulkheads, stringers and stressed skin = skin and stringers support load = more durable

40
Q

composite airframes
1. made from what?
2. why is this material better than metal
3. explain the issue that arises when it gets damaged
4. examples

A

Layers of a fiberglass, carbon fiber and kevlar mixture

Stronger and lighter than metal. No fatiguing problems that metal causes (metal flexes/bends -> leads to cracks)

Difficult to tell if damage is done because doesn’t show damage externally
Ex. heat deterioration and rock hits wing causes internal damage that you can’t see by looking at it.
- Metal starts to deform when stressed, but composite will not show physical/exterior warnings of stress and break suddenly

cessna and diamond

41
Q

difference between tricycle and conventional/tail-wheel landing gear

A

tricycle = nose wheel, stable on ground (balaneced COG), better visibility over nose

tail-wheel = less drag, more propeller clearance, good for rough runways

42
Q

is nose wheeel or tail wheel landing gear easier during take off?

A

nose wheel because balanced COG keeps it more stable - if you start to yaw, nose COG helps plane correct itself. if u start to yaw with a tailwheel, the tail COG will further push the plane to yaw more and make it less stable

43
Q

retractable main gear:
Reduces _______
Increases _________
Makes plane more _______

A

Reduces PARASITE drag
Increasing forward velocity
Makes plane more streamlined

44
Q

fixed main gear: what absorbs shock in a…
1. split axle
2. spring steel cantilever
3. single strut

A

bungee cord
steel rods
oleo system (hydraulic fluid and compressed air)

45
Q

how does differential braking work

A

Left and right brake is operated separately

As tire spins, brake disc rotates too

Push rudder pedal = sends hydraulic fluid to calipers = calipers push on brake pads = brake pads squeeze disk brake = slow tire rotation

46
Q

flaps are Installed on wing to increase _____ and angle of _____ to increase _____
However too much lift causes _____

A

Installed on wing to increase camber and angle of attack to increase lift
However too much lift causes drag

47
Q

why is 10º flaps perfect

A

10º of flaps is perfect because good lift and barely any drag

48
Q

______ pressure tires better for soft or rough airstrips. the size of these tires are _____

A

low
large

49
Q

flaperons are

A

Combined flap + aileron

50
Q

what are cowl flaps
why are they used
what problem can they pose?
when are they open
when are they closed

A

flaps that open to cowl
used to cool engine
can cause drag
open for high power settings (taxi, takeoff, climbing)
closed when dont need (cruise, descent)

PPL (14 decks)

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