Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOLOGY > unit 4 > Flashcards

unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5’ AGT 3’. The corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is______

A

3’ UCA 5’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA. The anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is ________.

A

AAA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

During elongation, which site in the ribosome represents the location where a codon is being read?

A

A site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T or F. RNA is synthesized during a process called transcription.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of mutation introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA?

A

nonsense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of mutation covered would have the least impact?

A

silent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the coding segments of the mRNA transcript called?

A

exons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What part of a gene marks the end and causes transcription to stop?

A

terminator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T or F. One of the functions of tRNA is to transfer nucleotides to rRNA.

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What modification happens to the mRNA transcript at the 3’ end?

A

poly A tide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name one difference between DNA and RNA.

A

T vs. U, # of strands, type of sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What enzyme is responsible for separating the two strands of DNA during replication?

A

Helicase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the strand called that has Okazaki fragments?

A

lagging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing strand of DNA
during replication?

A

DNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why type of base is cytosine?

A

pyrimidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What keeps the two strands of DNA from coming back together after they have been separated?

A

single stranded binding proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the enzyme responsible for adding the primer to the template DNA strand.

A

primase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

People with Xeroderma pigmentosum lack repair enzymes that proofread DNA and repair it this way.

A

nucleotide excision repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ame the enzyme responsible for joining Okazaki fragments together.

A

DNA ligase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of base is adenine?

A

purine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of base is guanine?

A

purine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What type of base is thymine?

A

pyrimidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What type of base is uracil?

A

nitrogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Who studied streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Frederick griffith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Which strain is harmless, rough or smooth?
rough
25
what is transformation?
a change in geno. & pheno. due to the assimilation of a foreign substance
26
what is nucleotide made of
nitrogen base, DNA and phosphate
27
what is the chargaff's rule
A-T G-C
28
how accurate is semiconservative model of replication?
only 1 error per billion nucleotides
28
where is dna replication?
s phase
29
Are single-stranded binding proteins polar?
true
30
does 3 phosphates need to be present for replication?
true
31
what are the strands in the double helix?
antiparallel
32
Is OH group from 3´ or 5´?
3
33
Is the phosphate group from 3´ or 5´?
5'
34
what order is elongation?
5' ----> 3'
35
differences in leading and lagging strand?
leading; 3' ---> 5' lagging: 5' ---> 3'
36
what joins okazaki fragments?
DNA ligase
37
what does a leading strand require?
formation of only a single primer
38
what does a lagging strand require?
formation of a new primer
39
what are the 2 steps of DNA repair?
1. proofreading 2. a nuclease cuts out a segment of a damaged strand
40
T or F. Does DNA get longer each time it is replicated
F
41
do telomeres allow DNA to get shorter?
T
42
telomere is in every cell
false
43
where does DNA transcribe into RNA?
nucleus
44
where is RNA transcribed into protein?
cytoplasm
45
which is the only RNA that gets translated?
mRNA
46
how are rna molecules read?
5' ----> 3'
47
what starts transcription?
Rna polymerase
48
how much time RNA polymerase unwind during elongation?
10-20x
49
what segments get removed ?
noncoding/ introns
50
what 2 rna only help during translation?
tRNA & rRNA
51
what is wobble?
3rd pairing of complementary base pairings doesn't need to match
52
how do know a tRNA will carry a certain aa?
each active site has a specific tRNA and aa combo
53
where does termination occur during translation?
when 1/3 stop colons reaches A site
54
polyribosome fxn
trail along the same mRNA to make copies polypeptide
55
how long does it take for a ribosome to translate?
1 min
56
what happens in translocation?
codons are decoded into a sequence of aa
57
what are codons made up of?
3 blocks of nucleotides
58
what happens in transcription?
DNA template strand turns into rna
59
what are the stop codons?
UAA UAG UGA
60
what is a smaller scale mutation?
point mutation
61
what does nonsense mutations nearly always lead to?
nonfunctional protein
62
the small, Xtra chromosomal DNA found in bacteria is called A. Restriction enzymes B. Plasmids C. Bacteriophage D. PCR
B. Plasmids
63
T or F. bacteria is the workhouse of modern biotechnology
True
64
what is the 2 steps of recombinant DNA
1. a bacterial plasmid 2. the gene of interest
65
how will we get the gene of interest to the plasmid? a. really small scissors b. gel electrophoresis c. PCR d. restriction enzymes
d. restriction enzymes
66
how do you prove that 2 samples of DNA come from the same person?
1. STR (short tandem repeats) 2. gel elecotrophoresis
67
you isolate DNA from blood left at crime scene--whats next? a. call in CSI Raleigh b. use PCR to amplify DNA c. splice it into plasmid d. use gel electrophoresis to break up the DNA
b. use PCR to amplify DNA
68

BIOLOGY (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions