Unit 3 Flashcards
What is the term used to describe when the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes do not move apart in Meiosis I?
Nondisjunction
Name the type of chromosomal mutation where a lost segment of one chromosome attaches itself to a nonhomologous chromosome.
Translocation
Name one type of sex chromosomal disorder where there is an uneven number of sex chromosomes. Include the genotype of the disorder.
XO - Turner Syndrome
Out of the two ways to do a karyotype on a fetus, which one is the quickest?
CVS
What is trisomy 18 called?
Edwards syndrome
T or F. The incidence of Down syndrome increases with the age of
the mother.
True
Give one example of an autosomal recessive disorder.
-Albinism
-Cystic Fibrosis
-Sickle cell disease
Give one example of an autosomal dominant disorder.
-Alherizmers
-Achodroplasia
-Polydactyly
T or F. Some mutations are beneficial.
True
What is the inactivated X chromosome in females called?
Barr body
A widow’s peak is a dominant trait over having no widow’s peak. What phenotype
would a heterozygous individual display?
Widow´s peak
A woman, who is blood type B has a child who is type O. What is this woman’s
genotype?
I(B)i
Snapdragons are a type of flower that exhibits incomplete dominance. When red flowers are crossed with white flowers, the next generation all have pink flowers. What term is used to describe the genotype of the pink flowers?
heterozygous
What term is used to describe when two or more genes alter the expression of another gene?
Epistasis
Tall stems are dominant to short stems and inflated pods are dominant to
constricted pods. List all the possible gametes that a true breeding inflated pod,
tall stemmed plant could produce.
TI (four of them)
In pea plants, purple flower color is dominant to white flower color. You have a
purple flower and want to determine its genotype. Name the type of cross you
would perform that would accomplish this.
Testcross
Genes A, B, and C all influence the same trait. What type of inheritance is this?
Polygenic Inheritance
You are examining the inheritance of two traits but find that they behave as if only one trait is being passed on. Briefly, what could explain these findings?
They are linked
What term is used to describe when one gene alters the expression of 2 or more
traits?
pleiotropy
Again, the purple flower color is dominant to white flower color. If a heterozygous plant is crossed with a white flowered plant, what is the phenotypic ratio of the resulting offspring?
2
In animals, meiosis results in gametes, and fertilization results in _____
Zygotes
If the liver cells of an animal have 24 chromosomes, its sperm cells would have how many chromosomes?
12
Crossing over occurs in what stage of meiosis?
Prophase 1
What is the process called where tetrads will form?
synapsis
What name is given to the process that restores the diploid number of chromosomes?
fertilization
What is the point called where the tetrads are touching?
Chiasmata
During meiosis, tetrads align along the metaphase plate during _______
Metaphase 1
Besides crossing over, name one other thing that is responsible for the genetic variation seen in meiosis.
random fertilization or independent assortment
The DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is measured. If the DNA content is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at the metaphase of meiosis I would be _____
2x
If we continue to follow the cell lineage from the above question, then the DNA content at metaphase of meiosis II would be _____
x
What is the constricted area common to both sister chromatids called?
Centromere
In what stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate?
Anaphase
What is the name of the protein that keeps the sister chromatids together?
Cohesin
T or F. Mitosis may occur without cytokinesis.
True
Cells that are no longer actively dividing are found in what part of the cell cycle?
G0
You are viewing a cell and see that the formation of the cell plate is beginning
across the middle of the cell and nuclei are re-forming at opposite ends of the cell. What kind of cell is this and what stage is it in?
plant cell – telophase/cytokinesis
In function, the animal cell structure that is analogous to a plant cell’s cell plate is the _______.
cleavage furrow
If there are 20 centromeres in a cell, how many chromosomes are there?
20
What term is used to describe the way that prokaryotic organisms divide?
Binary fission
In what stage of mitosis does the nuclear membrane start to break down?
Prophase
What is cellular respiration called?
Cell division
When cells start to divide chromosomes duplicate to create….
sister chromatids
Does one complete turn of cell division provide 2 daughter cells?
True
S phase deals with..
DNA replication
G2 phase deals with….
Preparation for Mitosis
Is cytokinesis optional…
Yes/True
