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BIOLOGY > Unit 1 Bio > Flashcards

Unit 1 Bio Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name at least 2 characteristics of life

A

Order, Evolutionary Adaptation, Irritability, Growth & Development, Reproduction, Energy processing, Regulation

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2
Q

A student wrote “The solution turned bluish-green in her notebook. What type of data is that?

A

Qualitative data

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3
Q

T or F. A community is a group of interacting organisms of one species.

A

False

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4
Q

The study of fungi is commonly referred to as ?

A

Mycology

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5
Q

What is a something that has mass and takes up space called?

A

Matter

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6
Q

What is the atomic number of oxygen (8 electrons, 8 protons, 8 neutrons)?

A

8

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7
Q

Atom X has an atomic number of 15 and is a cation (magnitude of 1). How many electrons does it have?

A

14

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8
Q

Atom X also has an atomic weight of 32. How many neutrons does it have (use the information from question 7) ?

A

17

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9
Q

This subatomic particle is responsible for the chemical properties of an atom.

A

Electron

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10
Q

What is a positively charged ion called?

A

Cation

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11
Q

What are the outermost electrons that are involved with bond formation called?

A

Valence

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12
Q

What type of bond is seen when electrons are shared between atoms?

A

Covalent

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13
Q

The tendency of water molecules to stick together is an example of what property of water?

A

Cohesion

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14
Q

What are the dissolved particles in a solution called?

A

Solute

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15
Q

What term is used to describe a substance that will not dissolve in water?

A

Hydrophobic

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16
Q

These substances resist changes in pH.

A

Buffers

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17
Q

T or F. pH is a direct measurement of the OH concentration in a solution.

A

False

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18
Q

What are the repeating units called that will join to form macromolecules?

A

Monomers

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19
Q

This is the name of the reaction that joins smaller molecules
to form larger ones.

A

Dehydration synthesis

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20
Q

This type of lipid aids in protection in plants and animals.

A

Waxes

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21
Q

What is the name of the bond that links amino acids together?

A

Peptide bonds

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22
Q

What is the name of the covalent bond that links carbohydrate monomers together?

A

Glyosidic Linkage

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23
Q

This is the name of the reaction that joins smaller molecules to form larger ones.

A

Dehydration synthesis

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24
Q

Starch is a polymer of what molecule?

A

Glucose

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25
Q

T or F. Only plant cells have a vacuole.

A

False

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26
Q

Name one difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A

size, nucleus, membrane organelles

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27
Q

Name one structure that is found in animal cells but not in plant cells.

A

Centrioles

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28
Q

T or F. All cells have a cell membrane.

A

True

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29
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

To produce ribosomal subunits

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30
Q

A cell is making a membrane protein. What organelle would be responsible for this?

A

Rough E.R

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31
Q

A muscle cell needs to store and release calcium. What organelle would be responsible for this?

A

Smooth E.R

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32
Q

This organelle is the site of cellular respiration.

A

Mitochondria

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33
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Package and modify proteins

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34
Q

Materials brought into a cell to be digested would most likely end up in
this organelle.

A

Lysosome

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35
Q

What is a theory?

A

Overwhelming evidence that supports something

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36
Q

What is a law?

A

Gives a mathematical formula that can calculator how something works & works every time

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37
Q

Hierarchical Organizations?

A

Biosphere
Ecosystem ( biotic and abiotic components)
Communities
Populations
Organ and organ system
Tissue
Cells
Organelles
Molecules
Atoms

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38
Q

Difference btw community & population

A

Population is when same species are living in an environment at the same time. Community is different species.

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39
Q

What is systems biology?

A

Constructs models for the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems

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40
Q

Three domains of life ?

A

Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Domain Eukarya (Protista, Animalia, Plantae, and fungi kingdom)

41
Q

CHNOPS

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

42
Q

Nuetrons?

A

No charge & a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu) or (Dalton)

43
Q

Protons

A

+ charge

44
Q

Atomic # ?

A

equal to the # of protons

45
Q

Mass number ?

A

Equal to the # of protons & neutrons (similar to atomic mass )

46
Q

Ions

A

Atoms that have either gained or lost an electron

47
Q

Cation

A

Ion with positive charge (lost an electron)

48
Q

Anion

A

Ion with negative charge (gained an electron)

49
Q

Isotope

A

Atoms with the same number of positive electrons but different numbers of neutrons

50
Q

Atom X (at # 7) is a cation with a magnitude of 2. How many electrons?

A

5

51
Q

Atom X ( at # 14) is an anion with a magnitude of 3. How many electrons?

A

17

52
Q

Rank the 3 shells (Thirdest shell, Second shell, First shell)

A

Third shell: The highest
level of energy,
Second shell: A higher level of energy,
First shell: The lowest shell of energy

53
Q

What is inert elements?

A

Inert elements: have their outermost energy level fully occupied by electrons (don’t interact)

54
Q

What is an reactive element ?

A

Do not have outermost energy level fully occupied by electron (interact )

55
Q

What is hydrogen?

A

Too weak to bond atoms together, Only occurs when H forms a covalent bond with O or N

56
Q

What is non polar molecules?

A

Electrons share equally

57
Q

What are polar molecules?

A

Unequal sharing of electrons

58
Q

What is a chemical equilibrium ?

A

The forward and reverse reaction rates are

59
Q

What are the properties of water?

A

High degree of cohesion
High surface tension
High specific heat
High heat vaporization
Polar solvent properties

60
Q

What is solute ?

A

Dissolved particles (dye)

61
Q

What is solvent?

A

Dissolving medium (water)

62
Q

Reactivity

A

An important part of hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis reactions

63
Q

Acid release

A

H+ - proton donors
ex) HCI = H+ + Cl

64
Q

Bases release

A

OH- - proton acceptors
ex) Na+ = OH-

65
Q

Acidic solution

A

higher H+ concentration, lower pH (0-6.99)

66
Q

Alkaline solutions

A

low H+ concentration, higher pH (7.01-14)

67
Q

Neutral Solutions

A

equal H+ and OH concentration (7.00)

68
Q

How many more times more acidic is coffee with a pH of 5 than distilled water (7) ?

A

100

69
Q

What are carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids?

A

Macromolecules

70
Q

What do 4 covalent bonds make?

A

C skeleton

71
Q

COOH is ?

A

Carboxy

72
Q

What is dehydration synthesis?

A

Water molecule is removed to join 2 monomers to form a polymer (Join monomers to make polymers)

73
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

A polymer is spilled into monomers by the addition of water

74
Q

What has 3 Carbons?

A

Triose

75
Q

What has 5 Carbons ?

A

Pentose

76
Q

What has 6 Carbons?

A

Hexose

77
Q

What has glucose and fructose? ex) table sugar

A

Glucose

78
Q

What has glucose & galactose? ex) diary sugar

A

Lactose

79
Q

What has glucose and glucose? ex) malt sugar

A

Maltose

80
Q

Which of the following is the most water-soluble?
A. Glucose
B. Sucrose
C. Glycogen
D. starch

A

Glucose

81
Q

T or F? Are fats solid and oil liquid?

A

True

82
Q

What is the difference in Saturated and Unsaturated?

A

Saturated has no c skeleton while unsaturated does

83
Q

What are the structural level of organizations?

A

Primary Structure - sequence of aa
Secondary structure - H bonding by the way the repeating units (Alpha helix, beta-pleated sheet)
tertiary structure - 3D shape, interactions of side chain
Quaternary structure - subunit association, also 3D

84
Q

What are molecule chaperone?

A

Help proteins fold

85
Q

Fibrous protein ?

A

more of a structural role, extended & strand-like proteins
ex) keratin, collage

86
Q

Globular proteins

A

more of a functional role, compacted & spherical proteins
ex)antibodies

87
Q

What is a nucleotide made of?

A

Phosphate group, pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base

88
Q

What are the characteristics of a pro. cell

A

Lack nucleus
Lack of membrane-bound organelles
Enclosed by plasma membrane
Inside - DNA, ribosomes

89
Q

What are the characteristics of a euk. cell

A

Larger and more complex than pro.
Cytoplasm contains organelles
Compartmentalize reason is bigger than pro.

90
Q

Look at cell flash cards

A

thank you

91
Q

Common modifications in Golgi (3)

A
  1. Glycosylated - carbs will be added on
  2. aa can be deleted
  3. Disulfide bond will form
92
Q

Lysosomes

A

only in animals, breaks useless tissue, digests ingested bacteria, viruses, and & toxins, degrades nonfunctional organelles, breakdown to release Ca^2 plus

93
Q

Endomembrane systems

A

group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that works together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins

94
Q

Apoptosis

A

Cell death (wants this to happen)

95
Q

Necrosis

A

Cell death (by injury )

96
Q

9 + 3

A

3 tubes in 9 groups

97
Q

Cilia

A

shorter, helps with movement, 9 + 2

98
Q

Flagella

A

only in sperm in humans, propel cell

BIOLOGY (11 decks)

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