Unit 1 Bio Flashcards
Name at least 2 characteristics of life
Order, Evolutionary Adaptation, Irritability, Growth & Development, Reproduction, Energy processing, Regulation
A student wrote “The solution turned bluish-green in her notebook. What type of data is that?
Qualitative data
T or F. A community is a group of interacting organisms of one species.
False
The study of fungi is commonly referred to as ?
Mycology
What is a something that has mass and takes up space called?
Matter
What is the atomic number of oxygen (8 electrons, 8 protons, 8 neutrons)?
8
Atom X has an atomic number of 15 and is a cation (magnitude of 1). How many electrons does it have?
14
Atom X also has an atomic weight of 32. How many neutrons does it have (use the information from question 7) ?
17
This subatomic particle is responsible for the chemical properties of an atom.
Electron
What is a positively charged ion called?
Cation
What are the outermost electrons that are involved with bond formation called?
Valence
What type of bond is seen when electrons are shared between atoms?
Covalent
The tendency of water molecules to stick together is an example of what property of water?
Cohesion
What are the dissolved particles in a solution called?
Solute
What term is used to describe a substance that will not dissolve in water?
Hydrophobic
These substances resist changes in pH.
Buffers
T or F. pH is a direct measurement of the OH concentration in a solution.
False
What are the repeating units called that will join to form macromolecules?
Monomers
This is the name of the reaction that joins smaller molecules
to form larger ones.
Dehydration synthesis
This type of lipid aids in protection in plants and animals.
Waxes
What is the name of the bond that links amino acids together?
Peptide bonds
What is the name of the covalent bond that links carbohydrate monomers together?
Glyosidic Linkage
This is the name of the reaction that joins smaller molecules to form larger ones.
Dehydration synthesis
Starch is a polymer of what molecule?
Glucose
T or F. Only plant cells have a vacuole.
False
Name one difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
size, nucleus, membrane organelles
Name one structure that is found in animal cells but not in plant cells.
Centrioles
T or F. All cells have a cell membrane.
True
What is the function of the nucleolus?
To produce ribosomal subunits
A cell is making a membrane protein. What organelle would be responsible for this?
Rough E.R
A muscle cell needs to store and release calcium. What organelle would be responsible for this?
Smooth E.R
This organelle is the site of cellular respiration.
Mitochondria
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Package and modify proteins
Materials brought into a cell to be digested would most likely end up in
this organelle.
Lysosome
What is a theory?
Overwhelming evidence that supports something
What is a law?
Gives a mathematical formula that can calculator how something works & works every time
Hierarchical Organizations?
Biosphere
Ecosystem ( biotic and abiotic components)
Communities
Populations
Organ and organ system
Tissue
Cells
Organelles
Molecules
Atoms
Difference btw community & population
Population is when same species are living in an environment at the same time. Community is different species.
What is systems biology?
Constructs models for the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems
Three domains of life ?
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Domain Eukarya (Protista, Animalia, Plantae, and fungi kingdom)
CHNOPS
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
Nuetrons?
No charge & a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu) or (Dalton)
Protons
+ charge
Atomic # ?
equal to the # of protons
Mass number ?
Equal to the # of protons & neutrons (similar to atomic mass )
Ions
Atoms that have either gained or lost an electron
Cation
Ion with positive charge (lost an electron)
Anion
Ion with negative charge (gained an electron)
Isotope
Atoms with the same number of positive electrons but different numbers of neutrons
Atom X (at # 7) is a cation with a magnitude of 2. How many electrons?
5
Atom X ( at # 14) is an anion with a magnitude of 3. How many electrons?
17
Rank the 3 shells (Thirdest shell, Second shell, First shell)
Third shell: The highest
level of energy,
Second shell: A higher level of energy,
First shell: The lowest shell of energy
What is inert elements?
Inert elements: have their outermost energy level fully occupied by electrons (don’t interact)
What is an reactive element ?
Do not have outermost energy level fully occupied by electron (interact )
What is hydrogen?
Too weak to bond atoms together, Only occurs when H forms a covalent bond with O or N
What is non polar molecules?
Electrons share equally
What are polar molecules?
Unequal sharing of electrons
What is a chemical equilibrium ?
The forward and reverse reaction rates are
What are the properties of water?
High degree of cohesion
High surface tension
High specific heat
High heat vaporization
Polar solvent properties
What is solute ?
Dissolved particles (dye)
What is solvent?
Dissolving medium (water)
Reactivity
An important part of hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis reactions
Acid release
H+ - proton donors
ex) HCI = H+ + Cl
Bases release
OH- - proton acceptors
ex) Na+ = OH-
Acidic solution
higher H+ concentration, lower pH (0-6.99)
Alkaline solutions
low H+ concentration, higher pH (7.01-14)
Neutral Solutions
equal H+ and OH concentration (7.00)
How many more times more acidic is coffee with a pH of 5 than distilled water (7) ?
100
What are carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids?
Macromolecules
What do 4 covalent bonds make?
C skeleton
COOH is ?
Carboxy
What is dehydration synthesis?
Water molecule is removed to join 2 monomers to form a polymer (Join monomers to make polymers)
What is hydrolysis?
A polymer is spilled into monomers by the addition of water
What has 3 Carbons?
Triose
What has 5 Carbons ?
Pentose
What has 6 Carbons?
Hexose
What has glucose and fructose? ex) table sugar
Glucose
What has glucose & galactose? ex) diary sugar
Lactose
What has glucose and glucose? ex) malt sugar
Maltose
Which of the following is the most water-soluble?
A. Glucose
B. Sucrose
C. Glycogen
D. starch
Glucose
T or F? Are fats solid and oil liquid?
True
What is the difference in Saturated and Unsaturated?
Saturated has no c skeleton while unsaturated does
What are the structural level of organizations?
Primary Structure - sequence of aa
Secondary structure - H bonding by the way the repeating units (Alpha helix, beta-pleated sheet)
tertiary structure - 3D shape, interactions of side chain
Quaternary structure - subunit association, also 3D
What are molecule chaperone?
Help proteins fold
Fibrous protein ?
more of a structural role, extended & strand-like proteins
ex) keratin, collage
Globular proteins
more of a functional role, compacted & spherical proteins
ex)antibodies
What is a nucleotide made of?
Phosphate group, pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base
What are the characteristics of a pro. cell
Lack nucleus
Lack of membrane-bound organelles
Enclosed by plasma membrane
Inside - DNA, ribosomes
What are the characteristics of a euk. cell
Larger and more complex than pro.
Cytoplasm contains organelles
Compartmentalize reason is bigger than pro.
Look at cell flash cards
thank you
Common modifications in Golgi (3)
- Glycosylated - carbs will be added on
- aa can be deleted
- Disulfide bond will form
Lysosomes
only in animals, breaks useless tissue, digests ingested bacteria, viruses, and & toxins, degrades nonfunctional organelles, breakdown to release Ca^2 plus
Endomembrane systems
group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that works together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins
Apoptosis
Cell death (wants this to happen)
Necrosis
Cell death (by injury )
9 + 3
3 tubes in 9 groups
Cilia
shorter, helps with movement, 9 + 2
Flagella
only in sperm in humans, propel cell
